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Item VIBRANT: A brainstorming agent for computer supported creative problem solving(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006-01-01) Wang, H. C.; Li, T. Y.; Ros�, C. P.; Huang, C. C.; Chang, C. Y.This paper describes key issues underlying the design of a tutoring system that brainstorms with students in order to support qualitative problem solving. Cognitively oriented and socially oriented support are enabled by two technologies, namely heuristic-based feedback generation and community-data-driven social recommendation. Formal representations and corresponding automated reasoning procedures for these technologies are introduced.Item The comparative efficacy of 2D-versus 3D-based media design for influencing spatial visualization skills(Elsevier, 2007-07-01) Wang, H. C.; Chang, C. Y.; Li, T. Y.This study explored the effects of 2D- versus 3D-based media representations on the influence of the spatial visualization ability of undergraduate science majors. A pre-test/post-test comparison-group experiment was conducted with 23 participants involved in the study. Participating students were randomly assigned either to the interactive 3D media representation group (n = 13) or the conventional 2D media representation group (n = 10); learning materials in both groups deliver the same information to students, but employ different media representations. All the activities were performed in a self-paced, web-based instructional system. The results of ANCOVA analysis showed statistically insignificant difference between groups in terms of students’ post-test scores on the spatial visualization ability test with the students’ pre-test scores as the covariate. However, a medium effect size was observed in favor of the 3D group in terms of practical significance. As a pilot study with a small sample size aiming to probe the research direction of this problem, the result of medium-sized effect magnitude is likely to implicate that the discrepancy of different representational design on students’ performance of spatial ability assessment is noteworthy. Future study of this nature appears to merit further replications and investigations.Item A web-based tutoring system with styles-matching strategy for spatial geometric transformation(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2006-05-01) Wang, H. C.; Li, T. Y.; Chang, C. Y.It has been a major objective for researchers to develop computer systems that can effectively deliver instruction to learners. Therefore, how to incorporate instructional strategies in computer-assisted learning systems in a systematic manner deserves further investigation. In this paper, a style-matching strategy that attempts to match learning materials' styles to learners' latent traits is proposed and realized in a web-based tutoring system, called CooTutor. The mechanism of adaptive material selection takes learners' different spatial ability and learning styles as an integral learning profile into account, and performs traits-based personalization of learning experience. This system is specifically designed to conquer the difficulty of tutoring the topic on fundamental spatial geometry in conventional curriculums. By conducting empirical evaluation with a small group of students, it is found that CooTutor is generally beneficial to learning the domain, but the effect of the styles-matching mechanism remains inconclusive. The work aims to contribute to the community of adaptive hypermedia in providing an explorative example adopting the concern of individual difference for personalization. The system design, a usage scenario, and an exploratory evaluation are presented in this paper as implications for further studies.Item Providing support for creative group brainstorming: taxonomy and technologies(2006-06-30) Wang, H. C.; Ros�, C. P.; Li, T. Y.; Chang, C. Y.This paper describes our plans and current work towards developing a user modelingbased learning environment for creative group brainstorming in qualitative domains. This research framework aims to guide the investigation and integration of different brainstorming activities, theoretical foundations and supportive technologies in order to benefit learning most. Intervention studies and system development are proposed to take place in parallel to ensure that the design of system behavior is informed by research results.Item A collaborative support tool for problem-solving ability: Idea storming cube(2008-04-02) Huang, C. C.; Chang, C. Y.; Li, T. Y.; Wang, H. C.Problem-solving ability plays an important role in many science learning activities. In this paper, we propose a game-based collaborative learning support system called Idea Storming Cube to support problem-solving ability and help a user form a perspective-shift thinking habit.The system analyzes the knowledge acquired from the history of user inputs and compares it with the ideas possessed by the domain expert and other users in the current brainstorming group.The system is designed to provide user-,goal- and context-sensitive supports with this mechanism that stimulates more divergent thinking.We have implemented the tool with a magic-cube-like game for collaborative idea generation.A preliminary evaluation of the system is also re-ported in this paper.Item The idea storming cube: Evaluating the effects of using game and computer agent to support divergent thinking(International Forum of Educational Technology and Society, 2010-12-01) Huang, C. C.; Yeh, T. K.; Li, T. Y.; Chang, C. Y.The objective of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of a collaborative and online brainstorming game, Idea Storming Cube (ISC), which provides users with a competitive game-based environment and a peer-like intelligent agent. The program seeks to promote students' divergent thinking to aid in the process of problem solving. The participants consisted of 72 11th grade high school students who were assigned to one of three conditions: 1) information-based (ISC[subscript info]), 2) game-based (ISC[subscript game]) and 3) game-based with peer-like intelligent agent (ISC[subscript game-agent]) conditions. The results revealed that the ISC[subscript game] and the ISC[subscript game-agent] facilitated diversified ideas in problem solving and were considered beneficial for brainstorming. Although the divergent thinking process may not transfer to problem solving results immediately, it is our hope that the empirical result can shed some lights on the development of game-based systems for collaborative learning and problem solving support. (Contains 7 tables and 8 figures.)Item VIBRANT: A brainstorming agent for computer supported creative problem solving(2006-06-30) Wang, H. C.; Li, T. Y.; Rose, C. P.; Huang, C. C.; Chang, C. Y.This paper describes key issues underlying the design of a tutoring system that brainstorms with students in order to support qualitative problem solving. Cognitively oriented and socially oriented support are enabled by two technologies, namely heuristic-based feedback generation and community-data-driven social recommendation. Formal representations and corresponding automated reasoning procedures for these technologies are introduced.Item Thinking hard together: The long and short of collaborative idea generation in scientific inquiry(2007-07-21) Wang, H. C.; Rose, C. P.; Cui, Y.; Chang, C. Y.; Huang, C. C.; Li, T. Y.Idea generation is a cognitive process that plays a central role in inquiry learning tasks. This paper presents results from a controlled experiment in which we investigate the affect on productivity and learning from doing idea generation tasks individually versus in pairs, with versus without automatic support from a virtual brainstorming agent called VIBRANT. Our finding is that individuals brainstorming with VIBRANT produced more ideas than individuals who brainstormed with a human peer. However, an additional finding is that while brainstorming in pairs lead to short term process losses in terms of idea generation, with a corresponding reduction in learning in terms of pre to post test gains, it produced a productivity gain for a subsequent distinct individual inquiry task. Furthermore, automatically generated feedback from VIBRANT improved learning during idea generation but did not mitigate the process losses that were associated with reduced learning in the pairs conditions.Item Hydrangea: A hybrid ontology directed feedback generation algorithm for supporting creative problem solving dialogues(2007-01-12) Wang, H. C.; Kumar, R.; Rose, C. P.; Li, T. Y.; Chang, C. Y.Item An online testing and analysis system for students' creative problem-solving ability in sciences(2006-06-08) Huang, C. C.; Wang, H. C.; Li, T. Y.; Chang, C. Y.This paper proposes an online testing and analysis system for studying students’ Creative Problem-Solving (CPS) ability in sciences. Using an open-ended essay-question-type test, students are asked to express their idea and imagine how to solve problems better. Based on previous works, we utilize an automated scorer for evaluating students’ CPS ability. This system serves as a real-time (self-)assessment for online learners and a useful research tool to gather data for CPS studies. We have re-examined the inter-rater reliability of our automated scorer with new samples, and conducted a questionnaire survey for usability inspection. The preliminary results show the system is reliable for automated scoring and satisfactory for system usability. A roadmap for future development is also proposed