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Item High prevalence of hyperuricemia in elderly Taiwanese(Asia Pacific Health and Nutrition Centre, 2005-06-01) Lee MS, Lin SC, Chang HY, Lyu LC, Tsai KS, Pan WHSerum urate status, the prevalence of hyperuricemia and their relationship to the metabolic syndrome in elderly Taiwanese were described using data from the Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (1999-2000), in which a stratified multi-stage clustered sampling scheme was applied. Complete data from biochemical assays and anthropometric measures for 1225 males and 1167 females were included in the analysis. The mean urate level and 95% confidence interval was 411 (398, 424) microM for males and 357 (347, 367) microM for females. Males had significantly higher serum urate levels than females across all age groups (P<0.05). No significant difference in mean serum urate was found among the four age groups of males. On the other hand, females of 75-79 years had significantly higher serum urate levels (376 microM) than that of the 65-69 and>or=80 age groups. The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia (>or=416.7 microM (7.0 mg/dL) in the elderly was 36% (46% for males and 26% for females). Among the participants, 4.2% of males and 1.1% of females were taking medication to lower uric acid. The elderly (males 455 microM; females 416 microM) of the Mountain areas, mainly indigenes, had the highest mean serum urate overall, however, the highest prevalence of hyperuricemia in males was found in the PengHu islands (62%) and that for females in the Mountain areas (51%). The odds ratio (OR) for hyperuricemia was 2.84 for males in the PengHu islands and 4.33 for females in Mountain areas, compared with their counterparts in the third stratum in the northern areas. Adjusting for obesity, alcohol and other related covariates did not alter the relative rank of the ORs in the various strata. Elderly males (22%) had a significantly lower rate of metabolic syndrome (MS) than females (39%) (P<0.05). For both genders, those with MS had a significantly higher mean serum urate (males 436 microM vs. 405 microM; females 389 microM vs. 338 microM) and prevalence of hyperuricemia (males 56% vs. 43%; females 38% vs.19%) (P<0.05). The population attributable risk for MS from hyperuricemia was 18.8% in men and 15.5% in women. In conclusion, the mean serum urate and prevalence of hyperuricemia in the elderly in Taiwan were higher than those found in other populations and was significantly associated with MS. Gene-environmental interaction may play a key role since great geographical variation exists within various Han Chinese groups in Taiwan and between Han Chinese and Taiwanese indigenes.Item Filial norms and intergenerational support to aging parents in China and Taiwan(2011-07-01) Lin, Ju-Ping; Chin-Chun YiThis study compared intergenerational relations in China and Taiwan. It has been assumed that cultural homogeneity results in filial norms being the shared dominant family value. However, due to different socio-economic experiences, other situational factors could produce different effects in China and Taiwan. Specifically, geographical distance, parental demands, and children's resources were incorporated in the analysis. We suspected that different situational factors might interact with filial norms in producing varying effects on intergenerational support. Data were taken from the 2006 East Asian Social Survey. Results confirmed that the patriarchal family model of intergenerational support remains strong in both China and Taiwan. The traditional Chinese filial norms significantly accounted for all aspects of intergenerational support examined.Item Curcumin-induced mitotic spindle defect and cell cycle arrest in human bladder cancer cells is partly through inhibition of Aurora-A(The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2011-10-01) Liu, H.-S., Ke, C.-S., Cheng, H.-C., Huang, C.-Y. F., and Su, C.-L.,Curcumin, an active compound in turmeric and curry, has been proven to induce tumor apoptosis and inhibit tumor proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis via modulating numerous targets in various types of cancer cells. Aurora A is a mitosis-related serine-threonine kinase and plays important roles in diverse human cancers. However, the effect of curcumin on Aurora A has not been reported. In this study, Aurora A promoter activity and mRNA expression were inhibited in curcumin-treated human bladder cancer T24 cells, suggesting that Aurora A is regulated at the transcription level. We also found that curcumin preferentially inhibited the growth of T24 cells, which show a higher proliferation rate, invasion activity,and expression level of Aurora A compared with that of human immortalized uroepithelial E7cells. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphorylation of Aurora A and its downstream target histone H3 accompanied by the formation of monopolar spindle, induction of G2 /M phase arrest, and reduction in cell division in response to curcumin were detected in T24 cells. These curcumin-induced phenomena were similar to those using Aurora A small interfering RNA and were attenuated by ectopic expression of Aurora A. Therefore, the antitumor mechanism of curcumin is Aurora A-related, which further supports the application of curcumin in treatments of human cancers.Item Meal distribution, relative validity and reproducibility of a meal-based food frequency questionnaire in Taiwan(Asia Pacific Health and Nutrition Centre, 2007-12-01) Lyu L-C, Lin C-F, Chang F-H, Chen H-F, Lo C-C, Ho H-FFood frequency questionnaire is an important assessment tool for public health nutrition research. We describe the development history and conducted the validity and reproducibility studies for a meal-based Chinese food frequency questionnaire (Chinese FFQ) by five meal sequences. A total of 51 subjects were recruited to collect dietary information twice (6 months apart) with one 24-hr recall, 7-day food records and the Chinese FFQ. Combining data from both time sets, Chinese FFQ showed strong correlations of macro and micronutrients with 7-day records (n=60, r=0.29-0.50, p<0.05), but not with 24-hr recalls (n=60, r=0.01-0.23, p>0.05). The reproducibility of this Chinese FFQ (n=22) was consistently high for most nutrients, with Spearman correction coefficients between 0.42 for vitamin A to 0.79 for vitamin B12 . From a larger sample of 231 subjects who completed the Chinese FFQ and one 24-hr recall, we found the energy distributions of breakfast, lunch, dinner, afternoon and evening snacks combined from Chinese FFQ were 20%, 37%, 37% and 6%, and from 24-hour recalls were 19%, 36%, 44% and 1%, respectively. These results showed acceptable reproducibility and relative validity of this meal-based Chinese FFQ.Item Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities of Several Commonly Used Spices.(Wiley, 2005-01-01) Tzung-Hsun Tsai, Po-Jung Tsai and Su-Chen Ho.,Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are extensively used to screen chemo-preventive foods. Five well-known anticancer spices, ginger, red pepper, garlic, green onion, and leek, were selected and assessed in this study. Antioxidant function was evaluated based on the scavenging ability of the cation radical ABTS+. Moreover, anti-inflammatory activity was determined based on the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide (NO) production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. The antioxidant activity of the 5 spices followed this order: ginger > red pepper > leek > green onion and garlic. All of these spices had a strict inhibitory effect on NO production. The anti-inflammatory activity could be ranked based on the IC50 of the spices, as garlic > ginger > green onion > leek and red pepper. Additionally, a significant correlation existed between antioxidant activity and total phenolics content. Obviously, total phenolics content was a crucial determinant of the antioxidant but not the anti-inflammatory activity of foods. The compounds responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity should differ from those responsible for the antioxidant activity.Item 臺灣農家「家務管理訓練方案」之發展與執行研究(台灣農業推廣學會, 2009-01-01) 林如萍本研究以農家為對象，聚焦於「家務管理」，採取「功能分析法」（Function Analysis，FA），由職能地圖描繪（Competency Mapping）發展訓練方案，並針對九十七年度參與此方案學習者，進行問卷調查分析方案之執行與成效，共計回收有效問卷1060 份。本研究結果主要分為兩部份：一是，以功能分析法分析「家務管理員」專業能力，並據以發展出三階段之「家務管理訓練方案」；二是，以問卷調查搜集資料，針對訓練方案之「行銷宣傳（Promotion）」、「產品（Product）」、「地點（Place）」及「人員（People）」四項進行方案執行之評估，並分析學習者能力之提昇及學習成效。最後，對於「家務管理訓練方案」之未來發展，提出具體建議。Item 初任父親第一年父職經驗歷程之研究─以六位大專教育程度父親為例(國立臺灣師範大學人類發展與家庭學系, 2010-07-01) 毛萬儀; 黃迺毓研究指出，早期的父職經驗可以預測往後的父職模式，因此，探討最初父職經驗，將有助於理解父職模式的形成。 本研究以六位大專教育程度之初任父親爲對象，進行深度訪談，根據其回溯之父職經驗，探討其第一年的父職經驗歷程。 本研究發現：第一年父職經驗，依照時間順序，經歷「預備醞釀」、「父職概念模糊」、「衝擊慌亂」、「父親親職角色緩衝適應」、「子女生活照顧」及「發展教養角色」箏六個階段歷程。其關注焦點與父職內涵各不相同。 本研究根據研究結果，對於初任父親親職教育規劃，以及後續研究提出建議。Item 臺灣與美國低收入家庭幼兒的會話輪替行為研究(世界華語文教育學會, 2012-03-01) 陳姿蘭; 張鑑如; 陳欣希本研究旨在探討臺灣與美國低收入家庭幼兒，在會話輪替過程中話輪類型、話輪分配分式、打斷與重疊的表現。幼兒平均年齡為四歲六個月，臺灣與美國幼兒各十位。研究者蒐集家庭用餐時的會話語料，並採用「兒童語料交換系統」進行轉譯、編碼與分析。研究結果顯示：（1）在話輪類型方面，臺灣與美國幼兒最常以單句話輪進行對話，但美國幼兒的複句話輪及句群話輪比例顯著高於臺灣幼兒。（2）在話輪分配方式方面，幼兒最常以「聽者自選為說話者」的方式進行輪替，而在「說者指定發言」的方式中，臺美家庭指定幼兒說話的機會高。（3）幼兒出現打斷與重疊的次數不高，但美國幼兒話輪被家人打斷的比例顯著高於臺灣幼兒。臺灣與美國幼兒在會話輪替過程中的話輪類型及打斷的表現有差異。本研究有助於瞭解臺灣與美國低收入家庭幼兒的輪替行為，文末提出本研究之限制與對未來研究的建議。Item 照顧者對幼兒負向情緒反應、幼兒情緒調節策略與幼兒氣質之關係(臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系, 2008-04-01) 黎樂山; 程景琳; 簡淑真本研究之主要目的為探討幼兒情緒調節策略以及相關因素，包括幼兒氣質、照顧者反應方式以及其他背景變項。為瞭解以上概念，本研究以二百九十六位幼兒照顧者及三十八位幼托園所教師為研究對象進行問卷調查。使用之問卷包含「幼兒情緒調節策略量表」、「照顧者對幼兒負向情緒反應問卷」以及「幼兒氣質量表」。主要發現如下：一、幼兒使用情緒調節策略的頻率依序為尋求照顧者、語言表達、認知引導、攻擊及發洩安撫策略。幼兒的氣質類型會影響其情緒調節策略表現。二、整體而言，照顧者較常出現問題導向、情緒導向及鼓勵表達反應；較少出現降低嚴重性、懲罰及心情低落反應，不同教育程度照顧者的反應頻率亦有所不同。三、照顧者愈常使用鼓勵表達、問題導向、情緒導向反應，愈少使用心情低落、懲罰、降低嚴重性反應，則幼兒愈常使用認知型策略；而照顧者愈常使用心情低落、懲罰、降低嚴重性反應，愈少使用鼓勵表達、問題導向、情緒導向反應，則幼兒愈常使用行為型策略。Item Supernatant of bacterial fermented soybean induced apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep 3B cells via activation of caspase 8 and mitochondria(ELSEVIER, 2007-02-01) Su, C.-L.*, Wu, C.-J., Chen, F.-N., Wang, B.-J., Sheu, S.-R., and Won, S.-J.,SC-1, the aqueous phase of soybean fermentation products by bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus brevis), significantly inhibited the growth and clonogenesity of human hepatocellular (Hep 3B), mouse hepatocellular (ML-1), and human colorectal (HCT 116 and HT-29) carcinoma cells. Cytotoxicity of SC-1 in Hep 3B cells was through the process of apoptosis characterizing by increase in cell population of sub-G1 phase, fragmentation of DNA, and change of nuclear morphology. Treatment of Hep 3B cells with SC-1 activated caspase 8 and caspase 3. Elevation of nuclear DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) and cleavage form of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were also observed. SC-1 also activated intrinsic pathway via increase of pro-apoptotic (tBid, Bak and Bax) and decrease of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) proteins on mitochondria, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and Smac (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct IAP binding protein with low PI) from mitochondria, and activation of caspase 9. Inhibition on protein expression of Ku70 in cytosol and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, but not COX-1, in whole cell lystes were revealed in SC-1-treated Hep 3B cells. These results suggest caspase 8, Ku70 and mitochondria are involved in the antitumor mechanism of SC-1 in Hep 3B cells.