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Item 晚清時期我國科技發展的鳥瞰(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1985-06-??) 王家儉The development of science and technique during the late Ch'ing period was a hard and difficult process. Under the strong pressure of the western gun-boat policy, Chinese scientists had to improve their own traditional technique first, and then introduce the science from the west later. In this article, the author decides to divide the process into three stages to see what happened during the period of modernization in China. Firstly, what was done by Chinese scientists when they tried to improve their traditional methods of shipbuilding and gun-manufacturing during the Opium War (1839-1842). Secondly, how to introduce western science and technique into China by both Chinese and Western scientists at the time of self-strengthening movement (1861 - 1895). Thirdly, what was achieved by the new Chinese scientists before the revolution,of 1911 in shipbuilding, roadbuilding, etc. Lastly, and most importantly, the author hopes to find some factors in China's failure to response to the western challenge.Item 清末民初軍國民教育思潮(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1984-06-??) 瞿立鶴軍國民教育，為本諸「文武合一，德術兼備」觀念，欲藉教育歷程，培養國民具有軍人知識、技能、習慣、態度、理想與情操，用以愛護民族，效忠國家。內抗專制，外禦強敵，以求民族統一，國家獨立之謂也。清末民初軍國民教育，為學者專家在民族主義教育思潮下，所提倡出之保國衛民的教育主張。綜觀其遞嬗演變，約可分為三類：一、學堂尚武教育思潮學堂尚武教育，為新式學校中，增列兵式體操、及體育競技科目，培養尚武精神，以除從前文弱書生之積習。用以強身衛國。此類教育思想，起自光緒二十年左右，至光緒二十七年前後為止。二、全民皆兵教育思潮全民皆兵教育，為全體國民藉教育歷程，培養健康身體，尚武精神，愛國觀念，平時各務其業，戰時保國衛民。此類思想，起自光緒二十八年左右，至民國七年前後止。三、學校軍事訓練教育思潮學校軍訓教育，為學校增列軍事訓練課程，欲藉教育歷程，培養文武兼備，德術兼修，負起保國衛民責任。此類教育思想起自民國八年左右，至民國十八年前後止。Item 清季商務運動與工業發展政策的建立(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1984-06-??) 廖隆盛After the realm of Emperor Tung Chih of Tsing Dynasty, the trade of China went gradually into a serious situation. In view of the exotics flooding into the domestic market, livelihood going from bad to worse and the Westerner becoming rich by means of commercial connection, far-sighted men presented the com-mercial warfare advocacy. Considering that Western nations got rich by means of commercialism, the far-sighted men advocated winning the enemy by commercialism instead of the stratagem of fighting for life; based on the trade situation, they advised the government to improve export, increase the value of import, establish industry and imitate foreign merchandise in order to lower the import. By doing so, our country would nationally become rich and powerful. So it was the strong commercialism in tone. Under the reason of boycotting foreign goods, textile and steel were established one by one in China. However, in the beiginning of the industry in China, it was operated by businessmen but supervised by the government, which was very detrimental to its development. The government of Tsing Dynasty had no positive industrial policy and the conservatives hindered the work of improving the circumstances of indus-trial development very often. Before the first Sino-Japanese War, the industry in China was in the infant stage and grew at a low speed. After the war, as foreign businessmen were entitled to establish plants in China freely, it stirred up the efforts of economic-self-salvation among the Chinese. Furthermore, due to the reform and constitutional movement, the significance of industry was believed by the people. At the end of the realm of Emperor Kuang Hsi, Tsing Dynasty decided to initiate the industrial and commercial development, set up the Ministry of Commerce, promulgated the patent Regulations and the state for the encourage-ment of businessmen whereby the development of industry in China was encouraged.Item 清代侵臺颱風災害之初步研究(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1981-06-??) 陳國彥Typhoon is the most destructive natural force in the island of Taiwan. The destructiveness is due to its strong winds, heavy rainfalls and storm surges.The Chinese name for typhoon is chu-fen, meaning "strong wind from all quarters", it is also called colloguially hong-tai in the areas of Fukien and Taiwan.The records of typhoons during the period of C'hing dynasty are very hard to collect, but one can find lot of gazetteer and private diaries roughly illustrating the disasters of typhoons, covering the period from 1691 to 1894 (Emperor Kang-shi to Emperor Kwang-hshi), these materials show the major typhoon occured in different region of Taiwan.After tranfering the reocrds in the luner to solar callender, an analizing then, it is found that the monthly frequency of typhoon in Tqiwan during the period of C'hing dynasty is very similar to that period of modern iustrumental observation, and that the annual frequency of typhoon is mosty associated with weak soler activity.