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Item 臺灣北部海岸沙丘之地形學研究(地理學系, 1992-03-??) 石再添; 張瑞津; 林雪美; 張政亮; 連偵欽Item 遙測與地理資訊系統應用於大甲溪流域之崩塌災害的調查與分析(地理學系, 2005-11-??) 張政亮; 張瑞津; 紀宗吉本研究之主要目的是結合福衛二號遙測影像與地理資訊系統（GIS）等資訊技術，分析民國90年桃芝颱風與93年敏督利颱風肆虐所造成72水災後，對大甲溪 中上游流域內坡地崩塌災害的分佈與變化情形。因此本文首先利用福衛二號遙測影像之監督性分類與常態化差異植生指標（NDVI）分析敏督利颱風之崩塌災區， 並和農委會水土保持局（SWCB）坡地災害資訊系統的桃芝風災資料進行對比，探究此二次風災對大甲溪流域坡地崩塌的範圍與衝擊，研究發現累積雨量從桃芝颱 風的300～400mm上升至敏督利颱風的750～1000mm後，崩塌數增加一倍以上，崩塌面積擴大60％，其中谷關水庫以上之大甲溪主支流域之崩塌增 加最多，而重複崩塌區域則達87％。其次結合GIS系統，建置相關環境資料數據庫，並以敘述統計、相關分析等方法發現崩塌範圍不僅與降雨規模有關也和地形 （坡度、坡向、高度）和地質（岩性、構造）等因子有密切相關；最後此研究成果可利用不安定指數法，轉製為坡地崩塌潛感分析圖，提供作為災害防治決策系統的 參考。Item 臺灣西部海岸沙丘之地形學研究(地理學系, 1993-06-??) 石再添; 張瑞津; 張政亮; 林雪美; 連偵欽Coastal sand dunes are widely distributed along the western coast of Taiwan from Touchien Hsi to Erhjen Hsi. Based on maps work, airphoto interpretation, particle size analysis, field investigation, etc, the study results are summarized as follows: 1. The form and the magnitude of the western coastal sand dunes have close relationship with the source of 13 rivers' sand supply, alongshore current and wave action, power and direction of wind, terrains, rainfall, evaporation and vegetation. 2. The coastal dunes develop well on riversides of Chung Kang His, Holung Hsi, Choshui Hsi and offshore bars along Chianan coast. Two principal types of these dunefield may be distinguished, namely, active dunes and stabilized dunes. The two dunefield types contain a variety of dune features, such as transverse dunes, barchans, longitudinal dunes, and dome dune etc. 3. The grain sizes of beach and dune sand are quite uniform. The Md φ and δ φ on average of the dune sand is smaller than the beach sand. This shows that wave process is stronger than wind process. 4. Comparing the maps published in 1926 and 1984. the change of coastal dunes is clear. Because the dunefield was used as fishery or watermelon and sugarcane planting, most of the sand dunes were leveled off entirely. Some of the residual sand dune still exist at present fixed by windbreak forest. For sand dunes have the function of protecting coasts, they had better be well-planned and well-used so as to main-tain the sustainable utilization of land souces.Item 臺灣東部河口地區之地形學研究(地理學系, 1995-10-??) 石再添; 張瑞津; 林雪美; 張政亮; 劉明錡; 陳政典The vincinity of the estuaries is one of the most populated area in the world. In order to ultilize the resources of this area more reasonably, the understanding of its geomorphological, hydrological and sedimentary characteristics becomes a main and basic task. Since estuary is located on the interface of river and sea, the morphology of estuary is influenced by the factors coming from both environments. The drainage basin area, shoreline length, shape factor, channel gradient, runoff, sediments and monthly discharge, etc. are factors coming from land, while the wind, current, wave and tide etc. coming from the sea. This study focuses on eleven estuaries of the eastern coast of Taiwan. Based on the stream slope, number of channels, discharge, etc., these estuaries can be divided into straight and braided pattern. The former has sandbars or spurs, such as Hualien Hsi, Hsiukuluan Hsi and Kangkou Hsi, while the latter have braided channels, sandy-gravel sediments and changeable sandbars, such as Hoping Hsi, Liwu Hsi and the estuaries in Taitung coastal area. The eastern coast is classified as wave-dominated type according to average wave height and tidal range. The wave impacting upon the area between Hoping Hsi and Hsiukuluan Hsi is severer. The forms of the estuaries in eastern Taiwan have significant seasonal change due to the seasonal differences of discharge, monsoon and typhoon. In the summer, the channels usually become wider and the sandbars are gentler and extended seaward for most estuaries. In the winter, however, these sandbars become narrower, steeper and extend toward right bank. The mouth of channels will be narrowed or even closed when typhoon coming. The forms of estuaries are stable in the long-term scale. Eleven estuaries have only slight change during the period from 1904 to 1989, moving back and forth within the distance of 250m. The channel migration of most estuaries, however, is obvious.Item 運用馬可夫鏈模型與細胞自動機理論模擬植生復育之研究(地理學系, 2006-11-??) 張政亮; 張瑞津植被是全球陸域最具規模的地表景觀，而植被覆蓋率的空間型態變化常受人類社經活動與自 然環境等因素的衝擊而有所影響，因此探其變遷與演育歷程，對土地規劃、災害防治與生態保育， 都有一定程度之助益。隨著科學知能的進展，許多新的技術與方法也逐漸運用於植被變遷與空間 分析的研究領域，因此本文選擇921 地震後地貌破壞十分嚴重的南投九九峰地區進行研究，文中 先運用1999 年3 月（921 地震前）、1999 年10 月（921 地震後）、2002 年11 月、2005 年11 月 等四期的SPOT 衛星影像，分析常態化差異植生指數(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index，NDVI) 之變異，作為植物覆蓋率、崩塌裸地及植生復育等變遷之判釋；接著以地理資訊系統（GIS）軟 體為分析工具，來探究影響研究區地表植被復育的機制與原因；最後結合馬可夫模式與細胞自動 機之理論，進行模擬及分析，來瞭解九九峰地區植被變遷的空間分布與意涵。歸結研究成果顯示： 1.藉由遙測與GIS 之分析得知，1999 年921 震災前NDVI 影像呈現顯明之淡白色澤，顯示本區之 綠色植被繁茂；921 後大量的地形崩塌，裸露地取代植被，九九峰地區內NDVI 反逆成一片闇黑， 80％地表均呈裸露狀態，說明地景破壞之劇烈，惟經過一定時間之生養，研究區內的NDVI 由幽 黑轉灰白，代表植物漸趨生長覆蓋，以2002 年為例，草地植被覆蓋達60％的比例，到了2005 年 草地植被進一步生長成茂密樹林，六成以上之地表林相已恢復往昔常態；2.植被生長與地表景觀 復原程度深受高度、坡度與坡向等地形因子的影響與控制；3.相較而言，結合基於細胞自動機理 論的馬可夫預測模式比隨機決定的馬可夫預測模式能更合理與有效地模擬本區植生復育與地景變 遷的過程。Item 問題導向學習的理論與應(2008-01-01) 陳哲銘; 張政亮; 余政賢; 李欣憶Item 臺灣西南部河口地區之地形學研究(地理學系, 1995-03-??) 石再添; 張瑞津; 林雪美; 張政亮; 劉明錡; 陳政典The vincinity of the estuaries is one of the most populated area in the world. In order to ultilize the resource of this area more reasonably, the understanding of geomorphogical, hydrological and sedimentary characteristics becomes a main and basic task. Since estuary is located on the interface of river and sea, the morphology of estuary is influenced by the factors coming from both environments. The drainage basin area, shoreline length, shape factor, channel gradient, opening form, runoff, sediments, and monthly discharge etc. coming from the land. While the wind current, wave and tide etc. coming from the sea. This study area focuses on 20 estuaries of the south-western coast of Taiwan. The five of them are gravel estuaries and the rest are sandy. By correlation grain size of sandy estuaries has relationship with channel gradient below 100m, width of opening and shape factor. The forms of sand bar on estuaries are changed seasonly. Most of them has a tendency migrating southward due to northern moonsoon. The 20 estuaries can be classified into the wave dominated type, the tide dominated type and the runoff dominated type according average wave height, specific discharge and tidal range. Comparing the location of 20 estuaries during the period from 1904 to 1990(85 years). Most estuaries tend to migrate westward. The changes of estuaries are controlled by the intensity of wave and precipitation, the influence of reservior and hydraulic engineering and the changes of land use.Item 臺灣南端與東部海岸沙丘之地形學研究(地理學系, 1994-03-??) 石再添; 張瑞津; 張政亮; 連偵欽; 林雪美This paper is the third year's study of "The geomorphological study of coast sand dunes of Taiwan". The study areas include the eastern and southernmost coasts of Taiwan. Based on airphoto interpretation, particle size analysis, field studies etc., the results are summarized as follow: 1.In Southern Taiwan, most of the streams are short, and supply only a little sand. The eastern coast of Taiwan is fault coastline, so there are any cliffs along the coast. The extension of sand dunes is not so wide as that in the western and the northern Taiwan. 2.In southern coastal area, most of sand dunes are distributed on the plain near river mouths and on the coral reef platforms, such as Hai-kou, Chiu-peng, and Fou-chiu-sa, ets. Various types of dunefields: dome dunes, barchans, andfalls, and pseudo dunes were easily observed there. The supply of sand come from the shelly fragments and mineral grains by coastal erosion and suspended sediment. The sizes of the gray and white color particles in the southern coastare smaller than those in the eastern coast. 3.The sand dunes n the eastern faulted coast are distributed only on the plain near river mouths like Pei-pu and Chih-pen. Most of the sand supplies come from suspended sediment. The sizes of the particles with gray and black color are bigger than those in the southern coast. The features of dunefields are simple only gradual undulation along shoreline.4.Because of the dunefield was used as fishery, watermelon planting and cemetery, most of the sand dunes were leveled off entirely. Some of the residual sand dunes were stabilized by windbreak forest. For sand dunes showing a function of protecting coasts, they had better be well-planned and well-used so as to maintain the sustainable utilization of landsources.Item 臺北地區漢人聚落拓墾與地形之相關研究(地理學系, 2004-05-??) 張政亮; 鄧國雄; 吳健蘭Item 花東縱谷北段河階的地形學研究(地理學系, 1992-03-??) 張瑞津; 石再添; 沈淑敏; 張政亮