代間關係與互動類型：臺灣、韓國與日本比較

Abstract

東亞社會面對人口老化的衝擊，老年父母的奉養成為備受關注的議題。傳統以來，成年子女與父母同住被視為是孝道的具體行為展現，在此文化規範脈絡以及核心家庭發展趨勢的影響下，未與父母同住的成年子女與父母之間的互動行為展現究竟如何？本研究立基於代間連帶（Intergenerational Solidarity）之架構與華人傳統孝道規範「奉養」概念，運用「關聯連帶」（代間聯絡、見面接觸之頻率）與「功能連帶」（代間勞務、金錢等支持協助的雙向交換）等代間關係的行為面向發展指標，以潛在類型分析（Latent Class Analysis）建構代間互動類型，以期能夠同時展現互動內涵的多樣性及互動程度。本研究運用2006 年「東亞社會調查」（East Asian Social Survey, EASS）之資料，選取「目前仍有任一位父母存活」、「未與父母同住」的20歲以上成年子女為對象，分析並比較日本、韓國及台灣等東亞國家，成年子女與父母之代間關係與代間互動類型，並進一步分析家庭組成、成年子女資源及父母需求對代間互動類型所造成的差異。

The East Asian region is experiencing rapid aging process. The traditional filial norm often confronts with the modernization impact which results in structural changes in the family and in the intergenerational interaction. Basing on data collected in the East Asian Social Survey（EASS）cross-national countries project in 2006, this study investigates what are types of intergenerational relations for adult children who are not co-residing with parents in three East Asian countries, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan. Relying on intergenerational solidarity theory, the author uses latent class analysis(LCA）to develop a typology based on two dimensions of intergenerational solidarity: association (frequency of contact) and function(exchange of instrumental and financial assistance and support between family members ).In addition, filial norm, as the shared dominant social value in East Asia, will be explored of its possible effect in the intergenerational relations.