高齡者功能性體適能與跌倒風險之研究

Abstract

臺灣地區在2019年 10 月底正式邁入了「高齡社會」，國內65 歲以上高齡者人口數共計356 萬人，占臺灣總人口15.13%，其中臺北市的高齡人口數共 477,944 人，占臺北市總人口的 18.07%。本研究探討具跌倒高風險與低風險的高齡者，此兩者功能性體適能表現之相關與預測分析，並以功能性體適能之各項檢測數據預測高齡者跌倒之風險。本研究採用調查研究法，總計調查臺北市106年至108年共1176位高齡者之功能性體適能及跌倒風險問卷調查，最後篩選出共665位高齡者為後續分析對象。本研究分別進行獨立樣本t檢定、偏相關分析、線性迴歸分析和多元邏輯斯迴歸等。研究結果顯示，確認跌倒風險問卷與功能性體適能在上肢肌力、下肢肌力、靜態平衡、動態平衡、下肢柔軟度、心肺適能皆有顯著相關，並以多元邏輯斯迴歸計算出兩者之間的勝算比，得知除抓背測驗外，其他功能性體適能項目皆達顯著關係，且高齡者功能性體適能較差者，會有較高的風險機率發生跌倒情況。建議未來可當作跌倒風險診斷上的分析依據，並依此為高齡者分組，進行健康促進課程，以有效改善不同跌倒風險組別高齡者的身體促進、降低跌倒風險。Taiwan officially became an aged society in late October 2019, with 3.56 million people being aged 65 and above years and accounting for 15.13% of the country’s population. In Taipei City, older adults numbered 477,944, accounting for 18.07% of the city’s population. The present study aimed to explore and conduct a predictive analysis of the association between older adults’ fall risk and functional fitness; and to utilize the results from various functional fitness tests to predict the fall risk of older adults. The survey research method was adopted and questionnaire responses on functional fitness and fall risk were collected between 2017 and 2019 from 1176 older adults in Taipei City. Finally, 665 older adults were selected for subsequent analysis.Independent sample t-tests, partial correlation analyses, linear regression analyses, and multiple logistic regression were performed in the present study. The results showed that fall risk correlated significantly with upper body strength, lower body strength, static balance, dynamic balance, lower body flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio between fall risk and the functional fitness tests items. The results showed that, with the exception of the back scratch test, all functional fitness test items had significant associations with fall risk. It was also revealed that older adults with poorer functional fitness had a higher risk of falling. Therefore, we suggest that in the future, the present study can be the diagnose of falling risks as a basis for analysis. And older adults should be grouped according to their fall risk, so as to enhance health benefits, reduce falling risks for different groups of order adults.