頂尖青少年橄欖球選手之人體測量學、體能與心理特徵
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2023
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目的：比較不同競賽成績之青少年橄欖球選手於人體測量學特徵、體能特徵與心理特徵之差異情形，藉以歸納影響其競賽表現之要素，作為未來臺灣橄欖球項目選材方式之參考。方法：本研究以96名高中學生橄欖球運動員作為研究對象，依照過去兩年之比賽成績，分為優秀組 （曾獲全國性15人制比賽前三名者） 與一般組 （未曾獲全國性15人制比賽前三名者），所有受試者依序進行第三代渥太華心理技能量表 (OMSAT-3) 測量、人體測量學測量與體能測驗，並以獨立樣本t-檢定比較優秀組與一般組之差異情形。結果：前鋒優秀組皮褶厚度總和較低 (6.1 ± 2.4 vs. 7.7 ± 2.8cm, p< .05)，改變方向速度 (敏捷505L: 2.46 ± 0.17 vs. 2.82 ± 0.30s, p < .05, 敏捷505R: 2.47 ± 0.16 vs. 2.79 ± 0.25s, p < .05)、直線衝刺速度 (10m: 2.02 ± 0.15 vs. 2.28 ± 0.16s, p < .05, 20m: 3.38 ± 0.22 vs. 3.73 ± 0.24s, p < .05, 30m: 4.66 ± 0.29 vs. 5.10 ± 0.34s, p < .05, 60m: 8.50 ± 0.62 vs. 9.40 ± 0.76s, p < .05) 與垂直跳高度表現較佳 (34.9 ± 6.3 vs. 30.7 ± 6.4cm, p < .05)，心理特徵方面在競賽計畫上優於一般組前鋒 (18.12 ± 3.28 vs. 16.00 ± 2.66, p < .05)；後衛優秀組改變方向速度 (敏捷505L: 2.43 ± 0.14 vs. 2.65 ± 0.26s, p < .05, 敏捷505R: 2.43 ± 0.10 vs. 2.59 ± 0.20s, p < .05)與直線衝刺速度表現較佳 (10m: 2.00 ± 0.09 vs. 2.18 ± 0.16s, p < .05, 20m: 3.35 ± 0.16 vs. 3.53 ± 0.24s, p < .05, 30m: 4.58 ± 0.21 vs. 4.87 ± 0.28s, p < .05, 60m: 8.33 ± 0.48 vs. 8.79 ± 0.55s, p < .05)，心理特徵方面在壓力反應 (18.18 ± 3.30 vs. 15.04 ± 5.33, p < .05) 與再專注 (16.53 ± 5.49 vs. 12.54 ± 6.55, p < .05) 上優於一般組後衛。結論：競賽成績較優異之青少年橄欖球選手，在人體測量學特徵、體能特徵與心理特徵具有某些特定優勢，建議將皮褶厚度總和、改變方向速度、直線衝刺速度、垂直跳高度以及競賽計畫的心理技能運用能力列入前鋒青少年橄欖球選手的選材參考指標；將改變方向速度、直線衝刺速度以及壓力反應、再專注的心理技能運用能力列入後衛青少年橄欖球選手的選材參考指標。
Purpose: To compare the differences of anthropometric, physical and psychological characteristics among young rugby players with different competition levels, so as to summarize the factors that affect their performance in competitions, and serve as a reference for the selection of Taiwan rugby players in the future. Method: In this study, 96 high school student rugby players were recruited. According to their competition results in the past two years, they were divided into the excellent group (those who had won the top three in the national 15s competition) and the general group (the ones who had not won the top three in the national 15s competition). All subjects asked to complete the third-generation Ottawa Mental Skills Scale (OMSAT-3), anthropometry measurements and physical fitness tests in sequence, and the differences between the excellent group and the general group were compared by independent sample t-test . Results: In excellent forwards group, they have thinner total skinfold thickness (6.1 ± 2.4 vs. 7.7 ± 2.8cm, p< .05), better results of their speed of changing direction (Agility 505L: 2.46 ± 0.17 vs. 2.82 ± 0.30s, p < .05, Agility 505R: 2.47 ± 0.16 vs. 2.79 ± 0.25s, p < .05), straight-line sprint speed (10m: 2.02 ± 0.15 vs. 2.28 ± 0.16s, p < .05, 20m: 3.38 ± 0.22 vs. 3.73 ± 0.24s, p < .05, 30m: 4.66 ± 0.29 vs. 5.10 ± 0.34s, p < .05, 60m: 8.50 ± 0.62 vs. 9.40 ± 0.76s, p < .05) and vertical jump height (34.9 ± 6.3 vs. 30.7 ± 6.4cm, p < .05), and better psychological characteristics in competition planning (18.12 ± 3.28 vs. 16.00 ± 2.66, p< .05); the excellent backs group have better results of changing-direction speed (Agility 505L: 2.43 ± 0.14 vs. 2.65 ± 0.26s, p < .05, Agility 505R: 2.43 ± 0.10 vs. 2.59 ± 0.20s, p < .05), straight-line sprint speed (10m: 2.00 ± 0.09 vs. 2.18 ± 0.16s, p < .05, 20m: 3.35 ± 0.16 vs. 3.53 ± 0.24s, p < .05, 30m: 4.58 ± 0.21 vs. 4.87 ± 0.28s, p < .05, 60m: 8.33 ± 0.48 vs. 8.79 ± 0.55s, p < .05), and better psychological characteristics in stress response (18.18 ± 3.30 vs. 15.04 ± 5.33, p < .05) andrefocus (16.53 ± 5.49 vs. 12.54 ± 6.55, p< .05) than the general backs. Conclusion: Youth rugby players with excellent competition performance have some specific advantages in anthropometric characteristics, physical characteristics and psychological characteristics. It is suggested that the sum of skinfold thickness, change of direction speed, straight line sprint speed, vertical jump height and the ability to use psychological skills of the competition planning be included in the selection reference indicators of youth forwards rugbyplayers; change of direction speed, straight line sprint speed and the ability to use psychological skills of the pressure response and refocus is included in the selection reference indicators for youth backs rugby players.
Purpose: To compare the differences of anthropometric, physical and psychological characteristics among young rugby players with different competition levels, so as to summarize the factors that affect their performance in competitions, and serve as a reference for the selection of Taiwan rugby players in the future. Method: In this study, 96 high school student rugby players were recruited. According to their competition results in the past two years, they were divided into the excellent group (those who had won the top three in the national 15s competition) and the general group (the ones who had not won the top three in the national 15s competition). All subjects asked to complete the third-generation Ottawa Mental Skills Scale (OMSAT-3), anthropometry measurements and physical fitness tests in sequence, and the differences between the excellent group and the general group were compared by independent sample t-test . Results: In excellent forwards group, they have thinner total skinfold thickness (6.1 ± 2.4 vs. 7.7 ± 2.8cm, p< .05), better results of their speed of changing direction (Agility 505L: 2.46 ± 0.17 vs. 2.82 ± 0.30s, p < .05, Agility 505R: 2.47 ± 0.16 vs. 2.79 ± 0.25s, p < .05), straight-line sprint speed (10m: 2.02 ± 0.15 vs. 2.28 ± 0.16s, p < .05, 20m: 3.38 ± 0.22 vs. 3.73 ± 0.24s, p < .05, 30m: 4.66 ± 0.29 vs. 5.10 ± 0.34s, p < .05, 60m: 8.50 ± 0.62 vs. 9.40 ± 0.76s, p < .05) and vertical jump height (34.9 ± 6.3 vs. 30.7 ± 6.4cm, p < .05), and better psychological characteristics in competition planning (18.12 ± 3.28 vs. 16.00 ± 2.66, p< .05); the excellent backs group have better results of changing-direction speed (Agility 505L: 2.43 ± 0.14 vs. 2.65 ± 0.26s, p < .05, Agility 505R: 2.43 ± 0.10 vs. 2.59 ± 0.20s, p < .05), straight-line sprint speed (10m: 2.00 ± 0.09 vs. 2.18 ± 0.16s, p < .05, 20m: 3.35 ± 0.16 vs. 3.53 ± 0.24s, p < .05, 30m: 4.58 ± 0.21 vs. 4.87 ± 0.28s, p < .05, 60m: 8.33 ± 0.48 vs. 8.79 ± 0.55s, p < .05), and better psychological characteristics in stress response (18.18 ± 3.30 vs. 15.04 ± 5.33, p < .05) andrefocus (16.53 ± 5.49 vs. 12.54 ± 6.55, p< .05) than the general backs. Conclusion: Youth rugby players with excellent competition performance have some specific advantages in anthropometric characteristics, physical characteristics and psychological characteristics. It is suggested that the sum of skinfold thickness, change of direction speed, straight line sprint speed, vertical jump height and the ability to use psychological skills of the competition planning be included in the selection reference indicators of youth forwards rugbyplayers; change of direction speed, straight line sprint speed and the ability to use psychological skills of the pressure response and refocus is included in the selection reference indicators for youth backs rugby players.
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選材, 皮褶厚度, 敏捷, 直線衝刺速度, 垂直跳, Talent identification, Skinfold thickness, Agility, Linear speed, Vertical jump