國立高中職學校組織權力運作之研究：由禮治文化走向法治化

Abstract

本研究旨在研究國立高中職學校組織權力運作的相關理論與實際運作情形，主要研究方法為理論分析和質化研究。研究發現，未來能保障學生學習權的學校組織乃一組織權力運作法治化之組織，且應是一個在重要事項具良好規範，結合「由上而下」與「由下而上」兩種改革方式優點的本位管理組織，並兼具有學習型學校的特質。此外，並透過理論探討建構出「國立高中職學校組織權力運作禮治文化走向法治化的可能模式」此一初步理論模式。該模式中包含三個法治化的可能模式與一個回復禮治文化的可能模式。 接著利用紮根理論立意選擇台灣某區的一所國立高職（A校）與同區一所國立高中（B校），由深度訪談與文件分析，以驗證、擴展該理論模式，藉以了解國立高中職學校組織權力運作的實際情形，及未來可能努力方向。根據A、B兩校的資料分析結果，大致證成了理論模式的存在，而且法治化的部分有逐漸增加而禮治文化的部分有逐漸減少的趨勢。 研究結果也獲知「國立高中職學校組織權力運作禮治文化或法治化的發展模式」中的三個法治化模式是國立高中職學校組織權力運作法治化的可行方向。例如依法成立的學校權力制衡組織，其運作過程中如有相關法令規範的配合，再加上學校成員適當的法治知能，學校組織權力運作法治化能水到渠成。 因此，本研究建議教育主管機關應強化監督、指導和擘劃的功能與責任，並致力於學校組織權力運作法治化應有的法令規範的訂定，以法律做為學校組織權力運作轉化之觸；並應建立客觀監督評鑑的機制、塑造學校成為學習型組織，強化學校組織成員的法治理念與素養；在研究方法上，建議再多選幾所國立高中職，以了解「國立高中職學校組織權力運作禮治文化或法治化的發展模式」在其他學校應用的可能性；未來在學校組織權力運作相關研究上，應多考量文化差異的因素，落實本土化研究；且應多強化學校組織權力運作法治化的實務研究，以助學校組織權力運作法治化的實現。

A Study on the Power in the National Senior High School Organizations: from “Rule by Li禮” to “Rule of Law ” The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the theories and practice of the power in the national senior high school organizations. The main research methods are relative theory analysis and qualitative research. By means of jurisprudence analysis, we know that the power in the national senior high school organizations is one kind of public authorities which must be fulfilled lawfully. And based on relative theory analysis, a preliminary model about approaches in which the power in the national senior high school organizations may occur is constructed. There are four approaches in the model, three approaches belonging to “rule of law ” and one belonging to “rule by li禮”. To testify and develop the model , one vocational senior high school (school A) and one senior high school (school B) in the same area in Taiwan are selected intentionally. After data analysis and interviews with teachers by means of grounded theory, the model is testified smoothly, and the following conclusions are obtained: First, the power in the national senior high school organizations belonging to “rule of law ” is increasing, and that belonging to “rule by li禮” is decreasing. Second, three approaches about “rule of law ” can make the power in the national senior high school organizations be fulfilled lawfully. Third, the procedural justice of the exertion of the power in the national senior high school organizations should be improved immediatedly. In view of the conclusions mentioned above, we offer some suggestions for the administrative agencies, schools and future studies.