中小學學校護理人員健康促進生活型態之研究—以宜蘭縣中小學學校護理人員為例

Abstract

本研究之主要目的在瞭解中小學學校護理人員的健康促進生活型態現況，並探討其社會人口學變項、健康概念、健康行為自我效能、自覺健康狀況與健康促進生活型態的關係及健康促進生活型態預測因子。研究工具包括健康促進生活型態量表、健康概念量表、健康行為自我效能量表、自覺健康狀況量表及個人基本資料表。 本研究對象為宜蘭縣112所公私立高中職、國中、國小學校護理人員，採橫斷式調查法，利用自填問卷方式，取得有效問卷共113份，回收率100%。所得之問卷資料以單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、及複迴歸分析等方法進行分析。 本研究之主要發現如下: 一、健康促進生活型態層面中，得分最高為營養行為，其餘依序為壓力處理行為、自我實現行為、人際支持行為、健康責任行為，而運動行為得分最低；健康概念方面，以調適性得分最高，其餘依序為角色功能性、安寧幸福性，而臨床性的得分最低；健康行為自我效能方面，以健康責任把握信念得分最高，其餘依序為營養把握信念、心理安適把握信念，而運動把握信念的得分最低；自覺健康狀況大多介於普通與良好之間。 二、影響健康促進生活型態之相關因素為: (一)社會人口學變項中之年齡、護理工作總年資、學校護理工作年資與健康促進生活型態呈正相關。 (二)健康概念、健康行為自我效能、自覺健康狀況與健康促進生活型態呈正相關。

三、健康概念、健康行為自我效能、自覺健康狀況及參與健康促進課程時數等四個變項，共可解釋健康促進生活型態變異量的55.2%，其中健康行為自我效能為最強的預測因子。

依據研究發現，對學校衛生實務與學校衛生護理主管部門提出數項結論和建議，以作為提昇學校護理人員健康促進生活型態之參考，並提出未來研究方向的建議。

關鍵字:學校護理人員、健康促進生活型態、健康概念、健康行為自我效能、自覺健康狀況。

The main purpose of this study was to explore the health-promoting lifestyles, demographic variables, health conception , self-efficacy of health behavior, perceived health status and predictors of lifestyles among high school and primary school nurses. The adopted instruments were health-promoting lifestyle profile, health conception scale, self- rated abilities for health practices scale ,perceived health status scale and demographic data.

The Subjects were the school nurses in all 112 high schools and primary schools in I-Lan county. A cross-sectional design was adopted and data were collected from 113 school nurses via self-reported questionnaires ,which presented a 100% of the response rate, The data was analyzed by one way ANOVA, Pearson ’s product- moment correlation and multiple regression.

The main findings of the study are as follows: 1.In the health-promoting lifestyles, the highest score was the nutrition, followed by stress management, self- actualization, interpersonal support, health responsibility, and the lowest was exercise; in the health conception, the highest score was the adaptive health conception, followed by functional/role performance health conception, eudaimonistic health conception, while the lowest was clinical health conception;in the self-efficacy of health behavior, the highest score was health responsibility, followed by the nutrition, psychological Well-Being, and the lowest was exercise; In the perceived health status, most subjects considered their health status being normal or good.

2 .The factors influencing the health-promoting lifestyles of the school nurses were: (1)In the demographic variables , ages, the total experiences in nursing field, the experiences in school nursing and the health-promoting lifestyles were postive related. (2)Meanwhile, the health conception, the self-efficacy and perceived health status also presented significant relation with the health-promoting lifestyles .

3.The self-efficacy of health behavior, the perceived health status, the health conception, and the participation of health-promoting lessons were the significant predictors and explained 55.2 % of the variance of ealth-promoting lifestyles. However, the self-efficacy of health behavior was the strongest predictor.

According to the finding of this study could present as references for school health practice and administration to promote the health-promoting lifestyles among school nurses and for further research in this field.

Key words: school nurses, health-promoting lifestyles, health conception, self-efficacy of health behavior, perceived health status