不同身體活動量老年女性體適能與心智功能之比較研究

Abstract

目的：本研究採橫斷式研究方法，比較不同身體活動量老年女性體適能與心智功能之差異。方法：本研究共招募60位年齡65~75歲健康且活動能力與心智功能無障礙的老年女性，依老年人身體活動量表 (physical activity scale for the elderly, PASE) 得分，分成低身體活動量（≦84.71分）、中身體活動量（84.72~125.68分）及高身體活動量（＞125.68分）等三組，每組各20人。所有受試者皆進行體適能、簡易老年憂鬱量表與曾氏工作記憶量表檢測。所得資料以獨立樣本單因子變異數分析進行相關考驗，顯著水準設為p＜ .05。結果：(1)高身體活動量老年女性，其敏捷/動態平衡與心肺適能表現，顯著優於低身體活動量組 (p＜ .05) ；(2)不同身體活動量組的憂鬱傾向與工作記憶力皆無顯著之差異；(3)老年女性身體活動量與下肢柔軟度、敏捷/動態平衡、上肢肌力與心肺適能表現呈顯著正相關 (p＜ .05) ；(4)老年女性憂鬱傾向與功能性體適能相關參數間無顯著相關；(5)老年女性工作記憶力與肩膀柔軟度、下肢肌力及心肺適能呈顯著正相關 (p＜ .05) 。結論：本研究結果顯示，高身體活動量老年女性顯著擁有較佳的敏捷/動態平衡與心肺適能；雖然不同身體活動量老年女性之憂鬱傾向與工作記憶力皆無顯著差異，但高身體活動量者在憂鬱傾向與工作記憶表現有較佳之趨勢。 Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare the physical fitness and mental function in elderly females with different physical activities. Method: Sixty elderly healthy females between ages 65 and 75 were recruited; all of them have normal physical and mental function. According to the physical activities scale for the elderly (PASE), all subjects were classified into three groups: low activity group (LG, n=20) (≦84.71), mid activity group (MG, n=20) (84.72~125.68), and high activity group (HG, n=20) (＞125.68). All the subjects had received the Geriatric Depression Scale--Short Form 15 (GDS-SF15), Zing’s scale of verbal working memory, and functional fitness tests. The collected datas were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s product-moment correlation. Results: (1)The high activity group performs significantly better than low activity group in agility/dynamic balance and aerobic endurance (p＜ .05). (2)There is no difference among the three groups in GDS-SF15 and working memory. (3)Physical activity is positively correlated to lower-body flexibility, agility/dynamic balance, upper-body muscular strength, and aerobic endurance (p＜ .05). (4)There is no correlation between GDS-SF15 and functional fitness. (5)Working memory is positively correlated to shoulder flexibility, lower-body muscular strength, and aerobic endurance (p＜ .05). Conclusion: The higher physical activity elderly females have better agility/dynamic balance and aerobic endurance. Although there were no significant difference on depression tendency and working memory among different physical activity elderly females, higher physical activity elderly females have a better trend on GDS-SF15 and working memory.