悲傷生者在哀悼過程中內在轉化之敘說研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討悲傷生者經由哀悼過程與死者再連結的經驗所帶來的內在轉化，此內在轉化是指榮格分析心理學的個體化。具體而言，本研究探究悲傷生者在哀悼過程中的經驗，以及哀悼過程所帶來的與死者以及自我關係之轉化。本研究採取質性研究之深度訪談，以半結構式的訪談大綱進行訪談，邀請五位研究參與者敘說其經驗，研究者採用敘事研究法，以「整體-內容」以及「類別-內容」的觀點來進行資料分析，研究結果與發現如下： 一、哀悼過程中的經驗包括：表達情感，讓悲傷與愛流動、意識與潛意識的交融互見、人生四道（道謝、道歉、道愛、道別）、身體姿態作為象徵，以非語言方式表達悲傷、與神聖力量連結的高峰經驗。 二、哀悼過程對生者與死者關係之轉化包括：從不接受到臣服、從憾恨到感恩、從斷裂到福佑、在生活中保有持續的連結。 三、哀悼過程對生者內在之轉化包括：解開心結，走向自己、傾聽內在，活在當下、自我療癒，轉化悲傷、與他人關係的轉化、繼續個體化的過程。 綜合研究結果與討論，研究者進一步指出以下八點發現：哀悼過程當下此刻即促進「生者與死者」及「生者與自我」關係之轉化、哀悼過程帶來深刻的自我照見而能減少潛意識的影響、哀悼過程帶來強烈的身心經驗促成轉化、哀悼過程中的全人體悟深過認知的理解、哀悼過程是一種積極想像帶來意識與潛意識交融的超越作用促成個體化、哀悼過程中的臣服帶來重生、哀悼過程中的內在轉化歷程需要光明與陰影的情緒，以及時間並不一定能療癒悲傷，因為心中的死者是在潛意識運作。 最後，研究者依據研究結果，提出研究限制、建議與反思，以作為悲傷輔導工作，以及未來研究等的參考。The purpose of this research is to explore the inner transformaion of the bereaved,which occurs in the mourning process linking the bereaved with the dead once again.In the reaseach,"inner transformation"is basesd on the concept of "individuation" from Jung's analytical psychology.The reasearch explores the experiences of the bereaved in the mourning process and their transforming relationship with the dead and themselves. A qualitative design was used in this research. Five research participants were invited to share their experiences through semi-structured interviews. Moreover, the data were analyzed with “holistic-content” and “category-content” modes according to Lieblich et al. The research findings are as follows: 1. The experiences in the mourning process include: expressing feelings, letting sorrow and love flow, developing the comminitas between consciousness and unconsciousness, expressing four themes in life (expressing thanks, apology, love and goodbye), using bodily postures as a symbol of grieving, as well as experiencing the peak experience of connecting with the divine power. 2. The relationship transformation between the bereaved and the deceased in the mourning process includes: from nonacceptance to surrender, from resentment to gratitude, from fracture to bliss, and to enduring connection in daily life. 3. The personal transformation of the bereaved includes: untying the knot, moving toward oneself, listening to the inner voice, being present, healing oneself, transforming grief, transforming the relationships with others, as well as continuing the process of individuation. Based on the findings and discussion, the researcher further identified eight points: 1) The present moment itself in the mourning process promotes the relationship transformation between the bereaved and the deceased as well as between the bereaved and the self. 2) The mourning process brings profound self-enlightenment and decreases the unconscious influences. 3) The mourning process brings strong mind-body experiences that promote transformation. 4) The holistic realization (appreciation) in the mourning process is beyond cognitive understanding. 5) The mourning process is a kind of active imagination that brings about transformation of communitas between consciousness and unconsciousness that promotes individuation. 6) The surrendering in the mourning process brings rebirth. 7) The inner transformation in the mourning process acquires bright and dark emotions. 8) Time does not necessarily help heal from grief because the deceased in mind operates in one’s unconscious mind. According to the discussion, the researcher brought up conclusions, limitation of this study, and recommendations for future research in the last chapter.