柏林博物館島的藝術觀光

Abstract

近年來，博物館群集群成為許多城市的重要觀光景點，像是美國華盛頓史密森尼博物館群、巴黎塞納河河畔的博物館區、日本東京六本木和上野由傳統和現代博物館組成的博物館集群等等。柏林博物館島於1848年在法國共和思想影響下創建而生，歷經漫長的歷史發展後於1999年的博物館島總體計劃成功轉型，憑藉著外觀宏偉的建築、涵蓋6000多年藝術和文化的各種歷史藏品和特殊的集群現象被聯合國教科文組織選為世界文化遺產，成為觀光客前往柏林必去的熱門景點，博物館島不僅成為柏林這座城市的特殊文化地景，也成為歐洲博物館集群發展中重要的奠基者之一，是當地重要的文化指標。本研究以文本分析法、田野觀察法和質性半結構式訪談法為主，以博物館島為研究主體，聚焦在藝術觀光探討三個面向：首先，藉由歷史文獻爬梳整理出博物館島的集結過程和發展演變，並且以景點建構理論博物館島變成觀光景點的過程，再以文宣、廣告、影像文本和觀光網頁等媒體中介觀察博物館島的形象如何被形塑;第二、以博物館中的展覽空間、導覽媒介、文化節慶等三個面向檢視博物館島跨區集結的新現象，首先，分析Basu& Macdonald的展覽理論和Linchi他種文化展覽中的展覽詩學和政治學的理論來檢視博物館島藏品和跨場域之間展覽策劃的建構和論述能力，並透過田野調查觀看串聯博物館島的導覽路線和博物館之夜的節慶規劃來檢視集群內部的跨館現象;最後，第三、質性訪談的方式檢視博物館島觀光客的旅遊實踐。

In recent years, many cities start to regard museum cluster as an important tourist attraction, e.g. Smithsonian Institution Museums in Washington, DC、Museums by Area in Paris, France and Ueno the museum mecca, Tokyo, Japan. Berlin Museum Island started with its foundation under the influence of Fifth Republic which is created after the French Revolution in 1848, then it was successfully transformed by following the policy called Masterplan Museum Island.Berlin Museum Island was selected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site by a grand-looking building, a historical collection of art and culture spanning more than 6,000 years and the special landscape across the museum space, and it also becomes a popular tourist attraction for many tourists visiting Berlin. In other words, Berlin Museum Island is not only a special cultural landscape in the city of Berlin, but also one of the most important foundations of the development of European museum clusters. It is also regarded as an important local cultural indicator.This research is based on Document Analysis, field observation and semi-structured interview. I take Museum Island as the research subject and focus on three aspects of art tourism. First of all, I sort out through the historical documents to find out how the museum island is built up and evolved, and I use the destination-making theory to analyze the process of turning Museum Island into a tourist attraction, then I use the media mediations such as propaganda, advertisements, video texts and tourist web pages to observe how the tourist image of Museum Island is shaped. Secondly, I examine the new phenomenon of cross-regional massing on Museum Island with three aspects which are exhibition space in the museum, the guide mediation and cultural festival. I start analyzing Basu& Macdonald's exhibition theory and Linchi's poetics and political theory to examine the construction and discourse ability of exhibition planning between Museum Island collections and cross-fields, then view the guided route of the museum island and the festival planning through field observation. Last but not least, the tourism practice of museum island is examined by the tourists’ semi-structured interview.