3×2 成就目標對競賽狀態焦慮強度與方向性之預測

Abstract

有關成就目標理論的研究大多以 2×2成就目標架構為主軸，但近期的研究中證實2×2成就目標存在著理論概念化爭論，以精熟目標定義不明確為其重要，因此Elliot、Murayama 與 Pekrun (2011) 提出了3×2 成就目標模式來解決上述的問題，而本研究目的:以成就目標新觀點: 3×2 成就目標，來探討競賽狀態焦慮強度與方向性之預測情形。本研究參與者為大專甲組代表隊選手，共 250 位。其中男生135位、女生115位，平均年齡為:20.24 歲、平均訓練年資為:9.25 年。本研究採用調查法，以「3×2 成就目標量表」、「競賽狀態焦慮量表」為研究工具，並分為兩個時間點施測，第一次在練習時施測 3×2 成就目標量表、第二次在比賽前施測競賽狀態焦慮量表，資料收齊後在進行統計分析，以基本描述性統計、皮爾森績差相關、多元迴歸進行各項統計分析。研究結果顯示:個人逃避目標與他人逃避目標能夠正向預測競賽狀態焦慮強度。在競賽狀態焦慮方向性上，個人逃避目標能夠顯著的負向預測。由此得知選手認為自己無法超越過去的表現或不具備未潛能時會有較高的焦慮而且此焦慮會阻礙於表現，以及選手害怕自己是常模能力低下時也會產生較高的焦慮情況，本研究針對研究結果提出了討論，亦對於實際應用上與未來研究方向上進一步提出建議。

Most researches of achievement goal theory focused on 2×2 achievement goal construct. However, the definition of mastery goal is lack of precision so that the theory conceptualization of 2×2 achievement goal was questioned. Therefore, Elliot, Murayama, and Perkrun (2011) proposed a 3×2 achievement goal model, tried to resolve the question mentioned above. In the present research, a 3×2 model of achievement goal was used to explore the prediction of intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety. Participants are 250 collegiate student athletes from Division I (M = 135, F = 115), average year was 20.24, and average training year was 9.25. The 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory was used as research tools, the participants was asked to complete self-report questionnaire at 2 different time. Participants were asked to complete the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire during training, and complete Competitive State Anxiety Inventory before competition. The results indicated avoidance-goal positively predict the intensity of competitive state anxiety, whereas, avoidance-goal negatively predict the direction of competitive state anxiety. Hence, when athlete is not competent to transcend self-performance or feel high anxiety, the anxiety hiders performance. Current research proposed discussion based on the results and also provided suggestions for practical application and future research direction.