教育政策媒體化之研究─以十二年國民基本教育政策為例

Abstract

本研究探討在教育政策媒體化的過程中，教育政策受到媒體報導的影響而產生的現象、特徵與結果，並以十二年國民基本教育政策為主要分析對象，透過文件分析與質性內容分析研究法，分析媒體報導十二年國教政策的內容，以及十二年國教相關政策文件，來了解媒體報導的政策議題類型、關注焦點、以及對於十二年國教政策所產生的影響及改變。 分析結果發現：一、媒體報導十二年國教政策之議題類型與十二年國教政策面向相似；二、媒體對於十二年國教政策議題報導次數最多的是入學方式，最少的為適性輔導與國民素養；三、十二年國教政策議題之媒體報導焦點在於入學方式與課綱調整等議題面向；四、十二年國教政策推行之重點主要在課程與教學、入學方式及政策宣導等面向；五、十二年國教政策方案之規畫內容較忽略私立中學的規範與對學生的政策宣導等議題面向；六、媒體報導影響十二年國教政策修正與改變的議題面向主要為免學費與免試入學政策；七、媒體報導所形成之民意輿論為十二年國教政策議題發展的重要影響因素。 根據研究分析結果，提出對於教育政策主管機關在面對與處理媒體報導中的教育政策議題時之建議，包括：一、加強對媒體與民眾之政策宣導，以凸顯政策施行重點、減少政策認知的落差；二、針對政策方案中較為忽略的議題面向進行研擬與補強；三、定期發布新聞稿或召開記者會，進行政策說明與溝通。對未來研究建議上，可進一步針對特定教育政策議題在不同媒體之間循環報導的情形進行比較分析，或是針對特定教育議題進行調查，以了解大眾對於媒體報導與實際政策內容之間的認知落差情形，甚至進一步加入對官員與記者的訪談，可更了解媒體報導對於教育政策的影響。

The focus of the study is to realize the process of the mediatization of educational policy, and the features as well as the changes occurred during the process. Taking the twelve-year basic education policy as an example, the study tries to find out that how the media coverage influence the educational policy, and what issues and features are presented in the mediatized process. Based on the results of the analyses, we could find out that the issues presented in the media are similar to the issues in the policy programs. Besides, the most popular issue in the media coverage is about how to enter senior high schools. On the other hand, the focus of the news releases as well as the policy documents of MOU is about advanced learning and teaching, and how to help students find out their talents. From the differences, we could realize that media focus and the government focus on the educational policy are quite different. Moreover, media coverage can reflect and lead the public opinions; therefore, sometimes the educational policy is forced to change, especially in the policy of tuition and school entrance issues. The government should not neglect the trend reflected in the media coverage, and tries hard to lead the policy issue in order to have a positive influence.