使用混合式多屬性決策法定義智慧遠距醫療之使用情境與平台

Abstract

智慧遠距醫療 (Smart Telemedicine) 為資訊與通訊科技在醫療及健康領域的新應用，其範疇包括醫療照護、疾病管理、公共衛生監測、教育及研究等等。伴隨著5G的商業化與物聯網的廣泛應用，智慧遠距醫療可以打破地理與傳輸延緩所造成的限制，讓人們得到更好的照護。智慧遠距醫療雖然重要，但相關文獻大都聚焦於系統或技術面的應用與介紹，目前少有研究探討智慧醫療設備於不同情境之下的架構。為跨越研究缺口，本研究擬藉由情境分析，預測未來並定義適用於各情境下之智慧醫療設備架構。因此本論文將應用多屬性決策方法，定義智慧醫療產業之情境可能，導入宏觀環境分析 (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environment, and Legal, PESTEL) 模型為框架，首先，使用情境分析法 (Scenario Analysis) 定義出不同情境驅動變項，建立不同的情境加以分析，導入混合型多準則模型，訂定最合適情境。其次，導入混合型多準則模型，定義不同情境之智慧醫療平台元素。二階段研究都使用專家問卷，以修正式德菲法選出適用準則，再使用決策評估實驗室法 (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, DEMATEL) 計算構面及各準則間的影響關係與重要性，並結合基於決策評估實驗室之分法析網絡流程 (DEMATEL based Analytic Network Process，DANP) 評估準則權重。最後使用多準則折衷妥協解 (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje，VIKOR)，從折衷排名中獲得智慧遠距醫療平台未來之三種發展情境，也計算出最適合該情境的智慧遠距醫療產品架構。本研究以某跨國智慧遠距醫療科技公司之可攜式十二導程心電圖平台為基礎，實證分析本研究架構之有效性。依據實證研究結果顯示，技術好、環境佳、法律支持；技術好、環境佳、法律不支持；技術與環境不佳，但法律支持，為未來五年發展智慧遠距醫療平台之三種最可能之情境，第一、三種情境下，未來最可能加入可攜式十二導程心電圖系統之模組為AI、雲端運算、與6G模組，而AI、6G與數位學習為第二種情境之下，最適合導入之子系統。本研究結果可作為其他智慧遠距醫療公司設計產品之基礎，以平台為基礎之分析架構，可作為設計未來產品之用。

"Smart Telemedicine" is a new application of information and communication technology in health care, including healthcare, disease management, public health monitoring, education, and research. With the commercialization of 5G and the widespread use of the Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Telemedicine devices can overcome geographical and transmission delays and provide people with better care. While intelligent medicine is important, the majority of the relevant literature focuses on the application and introduction of systems or technologies, and there is currently little research into the architecture of Smart Telemedicine devices in different contexts.To overcome the research gap, this study proposes to predict the future and define Smart Telemedicine device architectures that are applicable to each possible scenario based on platform-based design. Using the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) model as a framework, this paper will use multi-attribute decision-making methods to define the situational potential of the intelligent medical industry. First, it will use scenario analysis to define different situation-driven variables and create different situations to analyze. Finally, it will use a hybrid multi-rule model to find the best situation. Next, we present a hybrid multi-standard model that outlines the elements of the intelligent medical platform in various scenarios. In the second phase of the study, we use expert questionnaires to refine the default methodology for selecting applicable criteria. Next, we use the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to calculate the configuration, impact relationship, and importance between the criteria. Finally, we combine the DEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) to evaluate the weighting of the criteria. Finally, using the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR), we obtained three scenarios for the future development of Smart Telemedicine platforms from the compromise ranking, and we also calculated the Smart Telemedicine product architecture that best suits the situation.This study utilizes the portable twelve-lead electrocardiogram platform of a multinational smart telemedicine technology business to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed framework. Empirical research findings indicate that the three most probable scenarios for the development of smart telemedicine platforms in the next five years are: good technology, favorable environment, and legal support; strong technology, favorable environment, but lacking legal support; and poor technology and environment, but legal support. In the first and third scenarios, the portable 12-lead electrocardiogram system is expected to incorporate artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and 6G modules. In the second scenario, the system is expected to include AI, 6G, and digital learning modules. The findings of this study can serve as a foundation for product developments by other smart telemedicine firms, while the platform-based analytic framework can be utilized for designing future products.