臀肌啟動熱身對於女性運動員在高台著地的生物力學影響
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2019
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女性運動員在跳躍著地的時候會活化較少的臀部肌肉，以致在著地時產生對下肢造成負荷的生物力學參數。本研究探討女性運動員加入臀肌啟動熱身，在單腳高台著地策略的立即性影響。本實驗收集了14位女性大專乙組籃球員，受試者需要收集5次成功的單腳高台著地測驗 (30cm) 前測以及後測，前測結束後會隨機分配到跑步機熱身組(n=7；年齡：20.1±2.9歲；身高：167.0±5.0公分；體重：60.6±4.4公斤)或臀肌啟動熱身組(n=7；年齡：21.6±2.6歲；身高：166.7±5.8公分；體重：57.6±3.8公斤)，跑步機熱身會用自選速度慢跑5分鐘；臀肌啟動熱身組包括5個臀肌啟動運動(單腳橋式、蚌殼式運動、向前弓箭步、單腳硬舉、彈力帶下側走) 每個動作10次1組，動作間休息1分鐘。實驗使用7台高速攝影機，搭配測力板收集運動員在著地減速期運動學跟動力學參數，以及使用7顆無線肌電電極收集臀大肌、臀中肌、股外側肌、股直肌、股內側肌、半膜肌、股二頭肌在著地前100ms和著地減速期的肌電訊號。以相依樣本t檢定和單因子共變數分析進行統計分析。結果發現，經過臀肌啟動熱身的臀大肌在著地減速期的肌電訊號峰值顯著大於前測和跑步機熱身組(p<0.05)；膝關節內收角度峰值與外翻內力矩峰值顯著大於前測(p<0.05)；踝關節外翻角度平均值和峰值顯著大於前測(p<0.05)；髖伸直力矩平均值與峰值顯著大於前測與跑步機熱身組(p<0.05)。臀肌啟動後可以讓臀大肌在著地的過程中產生更多的活化，改善女性在著地時使用較少臀肌的策略，用較保護前十字韌帶的方式著地。
Female athletes are prone to have lower extremity injury during drop landing because they did not activate enough of their gluteal muscles. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the gluteal activation warm up can improve the biomechanics during single leg drop landing. 14 female athletes whom represented NTNU division two basketball team were recruited and randomly assigned to treadmill group (n=7；Age: 20.1±2.9 yr ; Height: 167.0±5.0 cm ; Weight: 60.6±4.4 kg) or gluteal activation group (n=7 ; Age: 21.6±2.6 yr ; Heigh: 166.7±5.8 cm ; Weight: 57.6±3.8 kg). All of them need to perform 5 successful single leg drop landing before and after the warm up. For treadmill group, the participants choose a comfortable speed to run for 5 minutes. For gluteal activation group, there are 5 exercise (Single leg bridge, clam with band, forward lunge, single leg deadlift, side step with band), each of them need to perform 10 repetition, 1 set and have 1 minute rest between each exercise. We use 7 infrared cameras and 1 force plate to collect kinematic and kinetic data. And 7 surface EMG electrodes to collect gluteal maximus, gluteal medius, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, semimembranosus, biceps femoris muscle activity during deceleration phase of landing and 100ms before initial contact. After gluteal activation, gluteal maximus activity had significantly increased compare to pre-test and treadmill group (p<0.05). Peak knee adduction angle and internal abduction moment had significantly increased compare to pre-test (p<0.05). Mean and peak ankle eversion angle had significantly increased compare to pre-test (p<0.05). Mean and peak hip extensor moment have significantly increased compare to pre-test (p<0.05) and peak hip extensor moment have significantly increased compare to treadmill group (p<0.05). Female athletes can activate more of their gluteal muscle during landing, this landing strategy may be safer for them to prevent ACL injury occur.
Female athletes are prone to have lower extremity injury during drop landing because they did not activate enough of their gluteal muscles. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the gluteal activation warm up can improve the biomechanics during single leg drop landing. 14 female athletes whom represented NTNU division two basketball team were recruited and randomly assigned to treadmill group (n=7；Age: 20.1±2.9 yr ; Height: 167.0±5.0 cm ; Weight: 60.6±4.4 kg) or gluteal activation group (n=7 ; Age: 21.6±2.6 yr ; Heigh: 166.7±5.8 cm ; Weight: 57.6±3.8 kg). All of them need to perform 5 successful single leg drop landing before and after the warm up. For treadmill group, the participants choose a comfortable speed to run for 5 minutes. For gluteal activation group, there are 5 exercise (Single leg bridge, clam with band, forward lunge, single leg deadlift, side step with band), each of them need to perform 10 repetition, 1 set and have 1 minute rest between each exercise. We use 7 infrared cameras and 1 force plate to collect kinematic and kinetic data. And 7 surface EMG electrodes to collect gluteal maximus, gluteal medius, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, semimembranosus, biceps femoris muscle activity during deceleration phase of landing and 100ms before initial contact. After gluteal activation, gluteal maximus activity had significantly increased compare to pre-test and treadmill group (p<0.05). Peak knee adduction angle and internal abduction moment had significantly increased compare to pre-test (p<0.05). Mean and peak ankle eversion angle had significantly increased compare to pre-test (p<0.05). Mean and peak hip extensor moment have significantly increased compare to pre-test (p<0.05) and peak hip extensor moment have significantly increased compare to treadmill group (p<0.05). Female athletes can activate more of their gluteal muscle during landing, this landing strategy may be safer for them to prevent ACL injury occur.
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Keywords
生物力學, 臀肌, 前十字韌帶, Biomechanics, gluteal muscle, ACL