紀大偉的《膜》及其他四篇故事 研究與英譯

Abstract

九零年代的台灣解嚴後發生罕見的全球化、商業化、都市化、文化及社會上的改變。以其改變為背景，台灣同志與酷兒族群以不少社會及文化上的活動，很成功地找到了自己的聲音，尤其是通過當代同志文學家來寫書給這些受公共認可未久的族群與台灣廣大社會來看。在同志文學家中，紀大偉的地位特別重要：他早期的短篇小說一邊幫台灣同志族提高聲音及社會承認，一邊同時批評當代台灣保守社會社會上、政治上、性別上與情欲上的不公平，強烈抗議害同志接受次等公民地位的不平等。本論文翻譯且研究紀大偉得獎寫的《膜》與其他四篇短篇故事，作品皆集於2011年出版的《膜》此書。本論文分成兩部分：第一部分提供譯者對紀大偉五篇作品及譯文的討論及研究，包括前言、作者生品、作品情節的簡介及關於紀大偉作品研究與翻譯現況的初步討論。第一部分的第二章討論台灣同志文學的起源與現況，從1960年代起至目前為止說明同志文學在台灣的發展與特色，亦有助於將紀大偉的作品脈絡化(contextualization)。第三章則談到紀大偉作品中所提到並使用的酷兒議題與脈絡(context)。第四章到譯者對翻譯的概念，也談到翻譯過程所遇到的問題與解決方式。第五章為結論，重新提到譯者對翻譯的看法與多將紀大偉早期作品翻成外語的建議與必要。第二部分為《膜》及其他四篇作品的譯文。The 1990s in Taiwan were an almost unprecedented era of globalization, commercialization, urbanization, and cultural and social change following the lifting of martial law in 1987. Against this vibrant backdrop Taiwan’s tongzhi and ku’er communities powerfully found their voices through a number of political and social movements and, perhaps most importantly, through a number of talented young authors who wrote specifically for this emergently visible yet still marginalized market. Among these authors, Chi Ta-wei occupies a prominent place: his early novellas and short stories brought visibility to tongzhi and ku’er communities and the issues they faced while offering powerful critiques of the social, political, gender, and sexual inequalities and imbalances in Taiwanese society that prevented these communities from enjoying full equality with their straight peers. The present thesis offers a translation of Chi’s second, prize-winning novella, 膜 Mo (Membranes), in addition to four other short stories that were published under the title Membranes in a 2011 collection of Chi’s works. The thesis is divided into two Parts: Part 1 consists of a study of the works translated, while Part 2 consists of the translations themselves. The first chapter of Part 1 serves as an introduction to the study, containing a brief preface, an introduction to the author, summaries of the translated works and a brief review of the scholarly literature on Chi’s works and currently available translations. Chapter 2 presents a brief chronological discussion of tongzhi literature in Taiwan from its beginnings in the 1960s to the present, helping to situate Chi’s works in their literary and cultural context. Chapter 3 discusses Chi’s use of queer themes and contexts in his works, highlighting how the author uses his fiction as a vehicle to both inspire and critique the often conservative social and military cultures of 1990s Taiwan. Chapter 4 discusses my views on translation and provides examples of translation problems encountered and the strategies used to overcome them. Finally, Chapter 5 offers brief concluding remarks that recapitulate my views on translation and note that much work still remains to be done in making Chi Ta-wei available to foreign readerships. This chapter is followed by Part 2, which consists of my translation of the five works by Chi Ta-wei discussed in the preceding chapters.