自我跛足策略之動機目標及與自利歸因偏見之關係

Abstract

本研究根據自我價值理論建構一個包含動機目標、自我跛足策略、歸因型態及學習適應等變項之研究模式，並以競爭模式比較、徑路分析及多重樣本分析考驗自我跛足策略之動機目標，以及是否透過自利歸因現象以保護自我能力價值。本研究共抽取562名技職學生，經施測知覺工具性量表、逃避表現目標量表、自我跛足量表、歸因型態量表及學習適應量表等量表後，研究結果顯示：一、自我跛足策略在成就評價後以能力歸因模式較具有競爭性及簡約性。二、本研究所建構之動機目標、自我跛足策略、能力歸因及學習適應之模型具有理想適配度。三、高/低成就知覺者的研究模型並不等同，低成就知覺者易以自利歸因偏見保護自我能力價值受到損害。本研究並根據研究結果提出建議。

According to Covington's self-worth theory, this study attempted to build a model of cognitive factors, self-handicapping, attribution styles, and learning adjustment. Data were collected from 562 students and analyzed by structural equation modeling and simultaneous analysis of several groups. The results of this study were as follows: (1) The ability attribution model had more competitive than effort or luck attribution model. (2) The research model fitted the observed data well. (3) For high/low achievement perceptive groups, low achievement perceptive groups preferred self-attribution bias to protect self-worth. Implications for theory, practice and research are discussed.