從符號學論臺灣媒體中「體育」和「運動」概念之使用

Abstract

本研究之目的在於從符號學以及運動社會化媒介中媒體的角度，分析台灣人混用「體育」與「運動」概念的原因。本研究以文獻分析法分析「體育」與「運動」的差異，且利用內容分析法分析九家中文媒體、電視頻道以及網路搜尋引擎中，「體育」與「運動」名詞使用的情形。本研究的結果如下: 1. 「體育」是「身體教育」，即以教育概念為出發點，且「體育」為關聯概念組成，不同於「運動」得實體概念。體育屬「關聯概念」可以使用「PE=f （a’, b’, c’| P’）」（「PE：體育」、「a’：教授者」、「b’：學習者」、「c’：教材」、「P’：目標」、「|：條件」）的函數來表示之。 2. 目前台灣八家中文媒體以“運動新聞”來報導運動現象的只有中國時報，其他都是以“體育新聞”報導運動現象。 3. 符號學認為解釋者對於符號意義的指涉影響很大，身為運動社會化媒介之一的大眾媒體混用「體育」與「運動」的概念，是造成台灣人混用「體育」與「運動」概念的重要因素。

The purpose of this study was to discuss the confusion of “physical education” and “sports” in Taiwan. This study conducted through documentary analysis and context analysis to clarify the distinction between “physical education” and “sports” from the perspectives of semiotic and sports socialization. The results of this study are emphasized on the following aspects: 1. The conceptual basis of physical education comes from ‘education’ and its categorical base composes of ‘relation’, however, the classification of sports is ‘culture’ which has a categorical base of ‘substance’. The conceptual origin of physical education derived from ‘education’ not ‘physical’, therefore, the concept of physical education must be defined as the educational concept at first. Physical education was defined the as ‘relational concept’ and it was expressed with a function (PE=physical education, “a”=tutor, “b”=pupil, “c”=teaching materials, “|”=conditioning, “P”=purpose) as follows: “PE=f (a’, b’, c’ |P’)”. 2. This study adopted the investigation method of the context analysis, picked out fourteen Taiwanese media, the result of income was as follows: (1) Among the eight Taiwanese media, seven media reported sports phenomenon as “physical education news”, only the China Times reported sports phenomenon as “sports news”. 3. From the semiotic perspective, the interpreter played a very important role in interfering the meaning of symbol. Therefore, the interpreter, media of Taiwan, misunderstood the concepts of “physical education” and “sports” is one of the important reasons why the Taiwanese misunderstood the concepts of “physical education” and “sports”.