屏東縣國中學生之檳榔認知、態度及嚼食行為與相關因素研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討屏東縣國中學生對檳榔的認知、態度及嚼檳榔行為的情況，並分析影響國中學生對檳榔的認知、態度及嚼檳榔行為的相關因素。 研究對象為八十九學年度第二學期屏東縣公私立國民中學學生(不含特殊班及補校)，以比率機率抽樣法抽出10所國中一、二、三年級各一班的學生為樣本，獲得有效樣本數為1022人。研究工具採結構式調查問卷，問卷內容包括：基本資料、對檳榔的認識、對檳榔的態度及嚼檳榔的行為等四部份。資料收集以團體自填問卷的方式施測，於民國九十年六月中旬完成。 研究結果發現12.8%的學生曾經嚼過檳榔，男生(19.1%)高於女生(6.2%)。年級方面，以二年級最多(16.9%)，其次為三年級(13.5%)，一年級最少(8.2%)。自我效能、家人嚼檳榔情形、同儕對檳榔的態度、同儕嚼檳榔情形、檳榔可近性是影響青少年是否嚼檳榔的重要因素。 受測學生在認知測驗的答對率約七成，在「檳榔對健康的危害」及「檳榔對環境的危害」二部份的了解程度稍差。學生通常獲得檳榔資訊的來源以電視最多、再次為報紙、宣導資料(如：手冊、單張、海報)、學校老師、父母及相關書籍。在檳榔的態度部份，大部分的學生傾向不贊成嚼檳榔。 本研究建議檳榔防制教育應擴及社區及家庭；教育單位應制定一套完整的檳榔防制教育計劃，並在各級學校中進行實驗研究。在設計檳榔防制教育課程時，應協助學生提昇拒絕的自我效能及加強青少年口腔自我檢查的能力，也應加強檳榔對健康的危害及對環境的危害二部份。對未來的研究上，建議擴大研究對象，並配合焦點團體或深度訪談等質性方法來收集資料。The main purpose of this research is to study the knowledge, and attitude toward betel nuts of the Junior High School Students of Pingtung County, and to investigate the situation of these students’ behavior on chewing betel nuts. It also analyzed the related factors which affect students’ knowledge, attitude and chewing behavior with regard to betel nuts. The sample was selected by the proportionate probability sampling method. Ten schools were included, with the total number of valid questionnaires being 1,022. The data were collected via a group self-administration in June,2001. The main findings of the study were as followings: 1. The rate of the students who have the experience of chewing betel nuts was 12.8%. 2. The rate of correct answers for the knowledge of betel nuts was 69.5%. 3. Most of the students tend to be not in favor of chewing nuts. 4. Normally students obtained their information about betel nuts mainly from the TV, then from newspapers, propaganda information (such as: brochures, handouts, posters), or from school teachers, parents or related books. 5. Whether young people are affected by chewing betel nuts or not is attributed to crucial factors such as their self efficiency、whether their family members chew betel nuts、 and the attitude of friends toward betel nuts、additional facts include the situation of chewing betel nuts of friends、and the ease of getting betel nuts. This research suggests that the education of preventing people from chewing betel nuts should be extended to all communities and families; educational organizations should develop a plan with regard to the education of restraining people from chewing betel nuts and should start research in all schools. Whilst designing courses of the education for the restraint of the betel nuts, it also needs to help students promote their self efficiency of refusal, and enhance the young people’s capabilities of self examining their mouth cavities. Regarding the future research, it is suggested that the sample size of the subject group should be expanded and the collection of the information should be achieved via the cooperation of the focus group or the qualitative method of the detailed interview.