荷蘭阿姆斯特丹紅燈區性觀光建構與文創改造

Abstract

位於荷蘭阿姆斯特丹市中心的紅燈區是世界著名性產業觀光景點，自由務實的社會風氣造就開放的紅燈區地景，形塑阿姆斯特丹獨特鮮明的自由之都意象。然而在國際媒體關注下，紅燈區的犯罪事件亦使阿姆斯特丹獲得罪惡之城的封號。政府為了改善國際形象，進行都市品牌化，以打擊犯罪為由大量刪減櫥窗，興建高級遊憩設施，並將文創產業引入櫥窗，辦理紅燈區策展，欲達文創改造和市區仕紳化，提升阿姆斯特丹在全球市場的競爭力。本研究試圖從性產業與都市空間理論、中介媒體凝視符號建構以及文化創意都市規劃的角度，探討阿姆斯特丹紅燈區性觀光建構。本研究架構依序為以下三點：(一)探究紅燈區地域以及性產業政策發展歷史，以瞭解當地文化脈絡與地景形成之關聯。(二)以文化創意都市理論，分析當地性產業結合文創改造所呈現的文化敘事，建構何種凝視符號於地景展演之中。(三)探究紅燈區觀光中介媒體符號意象，以捕捉觀光凝視建構脈絡。本研究方法採用文獻分析法、質性訪問法以及田野觀察法，試圖於歷史、文化和地理三個層面，完整探究阿姆斯特丹紅燈區觀光凝視之形塑。

De Wallen Red Light District, located in the center of Amsterdam in Netherlands, is one of the most famous sex industry sightseeing spots in the world. As a culturally diverse and Mercantilism seaport city, a liberal and pragmatic social atmosphere tolerates the open landscape of the sex industry in Amsterdam. However, the red light district hides criminal activities such as human trafficking, drug and money laundering. Under the attention of the international media, Amsterdam also received the title of the City of Sin. In order to transform the image, the government launched urban branding and creative city regeneration in De Wallen.This research attempts to explore the construction of the sightseeing landscape of the Red Light District in Amsterdam from three perspectives：(1) Inspect the history of redlight district geography and the development of sex industry policies to understand the relationship between local cultural context and the formation of the landscape. (2) Analyze the cultural narrative presented by the sex industry which is combined with creative industry regeneration based on the theory of the cultural and creative city. (3) Investigate the symbolic image of the red light district tourism intermedia and the tourism practice in order to capture the construction context of the sightseeing gaze. The research includes document analysis, interview method and field observation, endeavoring to fully explore the context of the landscape construction of Amsterdam's red light district on history, culture and geography.