鋼琴詼諧曲之風格探討:以孟德爾頌等作曲家之作品為例

Abstract

詼諧曲在19世紀的鋼琴音樂中蓬勃發展，從奏鳴曲與交響曲的框架中脫離出來，於浪漫時期被作曲家家以個性小品的方式加以發展，其中孟德爾頌、蕭邦、布拉姆斯、普羅柯菲夫更以自己獨一無二的音樂語彙，賦予鋼琴詼諧曲不同的意義與生命。孟德爾頌輕盈、靈巧的詼諧曲，洋溢著優雅的情感；蕭邦的詼諧曲充滿衝突、糾結，赤裸得表達更深沉的意境；布拉姆斯充滿巧思的作曲技法，呈現浪漫時期不同風格樣貌的詼諧曲；普羅柯菲夫更透過他筆下的詼諧曲，讓我們聽見富諷刺、嘲笑意味的詼諧曲。這四位作曲家透過詼諧曲這樣的個性小品表達作曲家各自不同的心境與情感精神，使個性小品得以充分展現其功能與特性，讓詼諧曲在鋼琴音樂史上有著多采多姿的面貌，值得演奏者深入去探討箇中趣味。 本詮釋報告將探討四位作曲家的詼諧曲之風格，共分為六章，第一章為緒論，提出研究動機和方法，第二章節就鋼琴的個性小品、詼諧曲的起源與發展做探討，接著，第三到六章研究四位作曲家詼諧曲之不同的風格與特色，在樂曲分析部分，以樂曲結構、和聲和創作手法等切入觀點，並說明演奏方式上的詮釋與困難技巧。第七章為結論，為全文的統整歸納。期待本文能夠使讀者和演奏者更貼近作曲家以各自不同的作曲手法淬煉出的詼諧曲，並欣賞其豐富的音樂內涵。

Scherzo flourished in piano music of the nineteen century. It was seperated from the framework of the sonatas and symphonies, developed by composers in romantic period with the form of character pieces. Among them, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Brahms, and Prokofiev have their own unique musical vocabulary, bestowing different meanings upon piano scherzos. Mendelssohn’s scherzo is light and agile, Chopin’s scherzo is full of conflicts and entanglements, Brahms’s composing technique is ingenious, Prokofiev composes scherzo with irony and scoff. The four composers express different moods and spirits through character piece such as scherzo, allowing this music form develop its full function and characteristics. It is worthwhile for the performers to delve into the fun. This thesis explore the style of the four composers’ scherzo, divided into six chapters. The first chapter, preface, introducing the motive and method of thesis. The second chapter explore character pieces of piano , the origin and development of scherzo. The third to sixth chapters explore the different styles and characteristics of the four composers. In the music analysis section, in terms of the music struction, harmony and composing approach, discussing the interpretation and difficulty skills in the way of playing. Summary and conclusion of the thesis are mentioned in the seventh chapter. I sincerely hope that this article will bring readers and performers a clearer and closer connection towards the composer's scherzo, which is tempered by their different compositions, and appreciate its rich musical expressions and insights.