以事件關聯電位探討多面向健身運動對執行功能之影響

Abstract

研究顯示健身運動與執行功能之間有正向關聯，而近年發現不同型態的健身運動與健康因子相結合亦對執行功能有正面的影響。此外，在系統性回顧與統合分析中發現相較於單一的健身運動，多面向健身運動對執行功能可能有較佳的效果，然而很少有研究同時探討不同成分的多面向健身運動對執行功能與事件關聯電位之影響。為此，本研究以事件關聯電位角度探討多面向健身運動對執行功能之影響，並同時量測身體適能。本研究採用準實驗設計之方法，總共招募48名健康大學生並分配到多面向健身運動組（有氧健身運動、柔軟度訓練、阻力健身運動、社交互動以及體適能知能）與太極拳組（伸展、阻力健身運動與社交互動），進行每周100分鐘、為期12週的介入。每位參與者在介入前與介入後皆以叫色測驗、次最大腳踏車測驗、屈膝仰臥起坐與坐姿體前彎等測驗，評估其執行功能、心肺適能、肌肉適能以及柔軟度，並同時記錄腦波資料。以介入前的數據作為共同變量進行控制後，結果發現與太極拳組相比，多面向健身運動組在叫色測驗的所有情境（中性、一致與不一致）之反應時間顯著減少，而在正確率上兩組沒有顯著差異；在事件關聯電位方面，多面向健身運動組與太極拳組之間在P3振幅沒有顯著差異；此外，在心肺適能方面兩組雖無顯著差異，但多面向健身運動組的肌肉適能與柔軟度皆顯著優於太極拳組。這些結果表明，兩組之間的心肺適能與P3振幅雖沒有顯著差異，但多面向健身運動可顯著提升行為表現，意即相較於太極拳組，為期12週的多面向健身運動可以有較佳之肌肉適能、柔軟度與執行功能。因此，本研究結果有利於提供增進年輕族群之身體適能與執行功能方面的運動處方，並鼓勵年輕族群規律的從事多面向健身運動，以提升不同面向的身體適能與認知表現。Exercise has been linked to executive functions, while exercise combined with more than one component has a positive effect on executive functions. Recent studies have shown that multi-modal exercises (MME) have better effects on executive functions compared to any single type of exercise. However, few studies explored the effects of MME with different components on executive functions and event-related potential (ERP) simultaneously. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to compare the effects of two MMEs with different components on executive functions and ERP. In addition, this study was assessed by physical fitness. Applying a quasi-experimental design, forty-eight university students were recruited and assigned into experimental MME group (aerobic exercise, flexibility training, resistance exercise, social interaction, and fitness knowledge) or tai chi group (stretching, resistance exercise, and social interaction). The intervention included one session per week and lasted for 12 weeks. All of the participants have completed the physical fitness test including the YMCA submaximal ergometer test, crunch, and the sit and reach test. Subsequently finished the Stroop test and the P3 component of ERPs were measured prior to and following the intervention. Adjusted pre-test scores as a covariate, it was found that the physical fitness of the MME group including muscular fitness, flexibility in post-test were better than the tai chi group. The reaction times in all conditions (eg. Neu., Cong., and Incong.) of the Stroop test were shorter than the tai chi group. These results suggested that the 12-week MME can enhance executive functions, muscular fitness, and flexibility compared with the tai chi group. We have found the beneficial effects of MME on both basic information processing and inhibition. Notably, MME may be associated with more positive effects and provide the foundation for establishing exercise prescription regarding executive functions for the young adult population.