跆拳道品勢訓練對於少年下肢反應能力與平衡表現的影響

Abstract

背景：學習跆學習跆拳道運動有助於兒童與青少年成長與體適能表現，但學習跆拳道品勢的研究較少，因此本研究希望了解學習跆拳道品勢訓練後的身體適能表現。目的：探討從事8週跆拳道品勢訓練後，對國中少年下肢爆發力、反應能力與平衡能力的影響。方法：招募未有運動習慣或跆拳道訓練經驗之男性國中生16名，隨機分配實驗組 (n=8)(參與學校體育課程+跆拳道品勢訓練)，控制組 (n=8)(學校體育課程)，進行8週的訓練課程。訓練前後進行身高體重及腿長測量、動態平衡能力、反應能力及下肢爆發力的測驗，並以混合設計二因子變異數分析，比較兩組別反應能力與平衡能力之差異，當交互作用達顯著時，以LSD法進行事後比較。以獨立樣本t檢定考驗實驗組與訓練組進步百分比是否有達顯著性，並以皮爾森績差相關分析與受試者下肢平衡能力與反應能力的相關性。結果：實驗組與控制組在爆發力與平衡表現上組別因子上達到顯著差異 (p<.05) 且實驗組與控制組進步百分比也達顯著差異 (p<.05)。反應能力組別因子與時間因子未達顯著差異 (p>.05)，進步百分比也未達顯著差異 (p>.05)。訓練前反應能力與平衡表現為低度相關(r=.352 , p=.10)，訓練後反應能力與平衡表現之間達中度相關 (r=.665，p<.05)。結論：跆拳道品勢訓練可以顯著提升國中少年的下肢爆發力與下肢平衡能力。爆發力、反應能力、平衡表現進步幅度都大於控制組。訓練後反應能力與平衡表現之間存在相關性，可能是跆拳道品勢訓練提升了學童身體協調與感覺統合。未來可針對不同跆拳道訓練方式與不同年齡層了解訓練與身體發展的差異。Background: Learning Taekwondo can contribute to the growth and physical fitness performance of children and adolescents. However, there is limited research on learning Taekwondo Poomsae. Therefore, this study aims to understand the impact of learning Taekwondo Poomsae on physical fitness performance. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of Taekwondo Poomsae training on lower limb explosive strength, reaction ability, and balance in junior high school adolescents. Methods: Sixteen male junior high school students with no prior sports experience or Taekwondo training were recruited. The participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=8) (participating in school physical education classes plus Taekwondo Poomsae training) or the control group (n=8) (participating only in school physical education classes). Both groups underwent an 8-week training program. Before and after the training, all participants underwent measurements of height, weight, leg length, dynamic balance ability, reaction ability, and lower limb explosive strength. The participants' data were analyzed using a mixed-design two-factor analysis of variance to compare the differences in reaction ability and balance ability between the two groups. When the interaction effect was significant, post hoc comparisons were performed using the LSD method. Independent sample t-test was used to test the significance of improvement percentage between the experimental and control groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between lower limb balance abilityand reaction ability. Results: The experimental group showed significant differences in explosive strength and balance performance compared to the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the improvement percentages in both explosive strength and balance performance were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in reaction ability between groups or in the improvement percentage (p>0.05). Before the training, there was a low correlation between reaction ability and balance performance (r=0.352, p=.10). After the training, there was a moderate correlation between reaction ability and balance performance (r=0.665, p<0.05). Conclusion: Taekwondo Poomsae training can significantly improve lower limb explosive strength and balance in junior high school adolescents. The improvement in explosive strength, reaction ability, and balance performance was greater in the experimental group than the control group. The correlation between reaction ability and balance performance after training suggests that Taekwondo Poomsae training may enhance the students' body coordination and sensory integration. Future studies could explore the differences in training and physical development across different Taekwondo training methods and age groups.