中學生藥物濫用認知、態度、行為及教育需求調查研究

Abstract

本研究主要目的在了解臺灣地區中學生對藥物濫用的認知、態度、行為及藥物教 育需求現況，並以社會人口學變項、學業投入、同儕用藥狀況及態度、及家庭因素，來預測 學生對藥物濫用的認知、態度、行為及藥物教育需求。研究對象為民國八十三年二月份在學 的臺灣地區公私立國中、高中、高職普通班的學生（不含特殊班級及補校），以比率分配法 及比率機率抽樣法，抽出36所國中、8所高中、及16所高職的學生為樣本，有效樣本數為國 中生4,487人、高中生1,155人、及高職生2,214人。研究工具採結構式調查問卷，以團體自 填問卷的方式蒐集資料，施測時間為民國八十三年二、三月。 結果顯示，在受測的國中、高中及高職學生中，有少數的受測學生曾經使用過成癮性藥 物（國中生1.0%，高中生1.1%，高職生3.7%），所使用的藥物種類以安非他命為主，其次為 強力膠、海洛因等藥物。另約有三至四成半的學生曾經吸菸，有七至八成的學生曾經飲酒， 而級別愈高的學生，曾經吸菸、飲酒的比率也愈高。級別愈低的學生愈早開始吸菸、飲酒及 使用成癮性藥物。 學生在藥物濫用認知測驗的答對率逾七成，但對於藥物濫用所導致的生理危害、及藥物 濫用相關的法律規範的知識較為欠缺。學生獲得藥物濫用知識的來源，以電視最多，其次為 報紙、老師，再次為父母、海報、課外書籍、及雜誌期刊等。受測學生大多表示不贊成青少 年使用成癮性藥物，並表示需要學習藥物使用及濫用的教育內容。 受測學生的藥物濫用態度分別與其認知及藥物教育需求等變項之間有顯著的低至中度有 關。受測學生的社會人口學、學業投入、同儕用藥狀況及態度、家庭因素等14個預測變項， 能顯著預測其藥物濫用的認知、態度、及藥物教育需求，但解釋力並不高。最後根據研究結 果，提出對實施藥物教育及未來研究方向的建議。

The main purpose of the study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of drug abuse, and the needs for drug education among junior high, senior high and vocational high school students in Taiwan area. In addition, the study also predicted these variables by socio-demographic variables, academic involvement, peers' drug abuse behavior and attitudes, and family factors. The sample was selected by the proportionate probability sampling method. Sixty schools were included, with the total number of valid questionnaires being 7,856. The data were collected via a group self-administration in February and March, 1994. The main findings of the study were as followings: 1. The rate of the students who have ever smoked cigarettes, drunk alcohol, and used addictive drugs were above 30%, above 70%, and less than 4%, respectively. 2. The rate of correct answers for the knowledge test of drug abuse among students was above 75%. 3. The most common sources of knowledge of drug abuse among the students were television programs, followed by newspapers and teachers. 4. Most of the students disapproved of durg-using behaviors. 5. Most of the students wanted to learn more about drug education. 6. Among the students, there was a significant correlation between attitudes toward drug abuse and (1) knowledge of drug abuse, and (2) needs for drug education. 7. Among the students, the knowledge of and attitudes toward drug abuse, and the needs for drug education could be predicted by socio-demographic variables, academic involvement, peers' drug-using behavior and attitudes toward drug abuse, and family factors.