過度自信與理財管理行為之研究─以臺灣高中生為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討臺灣高中生過度自信與理財管理行為的現況，探討臺灣高中生的不同背景變項是否影響過度自信與理財管理行為，以及理財知識、過度自信與理財管理行為之間的關聯性。首先，透過文獻回顧了解理財知識、過度自信與理財管理行為的意義與內涵、衡量方式及相關實證研究。而後，參酌國內外有關過度自信與理財管理行為的研究問卷，由研究者自編「臺灣高中生過度自信與理財管理行為」調查問卷進行資料的蒐集。調查結果以SPSS 23.0統計軟體進行分析，採用描述性統計、Spearman相關分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、多元迴歸分析等方法。以下摘述本研究之結果：一、臺灣高中生具備不錯的「理財知識」。二、臺灣高中生具有「過度自信」的傾向。三、臺灣高中生「理財管理行為」表現普通，在「現金與消費」向度表現較佳。四、不同背景變項的臺灣高中生，在「過度自信」有顯著差異，包含：「年級」、「生理性別」、「目前投資商品」、「主動搜尋理財資訊」、「曾接觸過理財相關課程或活動」、「與父母（或家中主要照顧者）討論理財議題的頻率」及「母親最高學歷」。五、不同背景變項的臺灣高中生，在「理財管理行為」有顯著差異，包含：「目前投資商品」、「儲蓄習慣」、「主動搜尋理財資訊」、「曾接觸過理財相關課程或活動」及「與父母（或家中主要照顧者）討論理財議題的頻率」。六、臺灣高中生理財知識、過度自信與理財管理行為整體及各向度部分達顯著正相關。七、臺灣高中生理財知識、過度自信、個人背景變項對理財管理行為整體及各向度有顯著的迴歸解釋力。This study aims to explore the current situation of overconfidence and financial management behavior among Taiwanese high school students, explore whether different background variables affect overconfidence and financial management behavior among Taiwanese high school students, and explore the relationship between financial knowledge, overconfidence, and financial management behavior. First, understand the meaning, connotation, measurement methods and related empirical research of financial knowledge, overconfidence, and financial management behavior from the literature. Then, referring to domestic and foreign research questionnaires on overconfidence and financial management behavior, the researcher compiled a self-made questionnaire on “Overconfidence and Financial Management Behavior of Taiwanese High School Students” to collect data. The survey results were processed with SPSS 23.0 statistical suite software, using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis. The main findings of this study are as follows:1. Taiwanese high school students have good “financial knowledge.”2. Taiwanese high school students tend to be “overconfident.”3. Taiwanese high school students perform averagely in “financial management behavior”, but perform better in the “cash and consumption” dimension.4. There are significant differences in “overconfidence” among Taiwanese high school students with different background variables, including: “grade”, “biological gender”, “current investment products”, “actively searching for financial information”, “ever participated to financial courses or activities”, “frequency of discussing financial issues with parents (or primary caregivers at home)” and “mother’s highest education level.”5. There are significant differences in “financial management behaviors” among Taiwanese high school students with different background variables, including: “current investment products”, “saving habits”, “actively searching for financial information”, “ever participated to financial courses or activities” and “frequency of discussing financial issues with parents (or primary caregivers at home).”6. There are some significant positive correlations between financial knowledge, overconfidence, and both overall and specific dimensions of financial management behaviors among Taiwanese high school students.7. Financial knowledge, overconfidence, and personal background variables among Taiwanese high school students significantly contribute to explaining overall and specific dimensions of financial management behaviors in regression analysis.