環境知覺和自我效能因素與青少年身體活動之關係—社會生態學觀點之應用

Abstract

本研究以社會生態學觀點為理論基礎，旨在探討環境因素對青少年身體活動行為的預測，以及個人因素在環境與個體身體活動行為之間所扮演的角色。本研究以臺北縣公、私立高中職全體學生為母群體，以分層叢集隨機抽樣方法選取樣本，有效問卷共1114份。所得資料以皮爾遜積差相關、t考驗、階層迴歸分析、及徑路分析進行統計分析。結果發現：（一）環境因素變項和自我效能變項均與身體活動行為有顯著的相關性；（二）在社會環境變項、物理環境變項及個人因素變項，均發現有性別差異存在；（三）環境因素經性別和自我效能變項調整後，社會支持、規範、和學校環境資源重要性對身體活動行為有顯著的預測力；（四）社會環境和物理環境對身體活動行為有直接或間接的影響力，社會環境和物理環境變項對青少年身體活動行為直接和間接影響有性別差異存在；（五）自我效能在環境因素與身體活動行為之間扮演重要的中介角色。本研究發現，社會環境和物理環境對青少年身體活動行為有重要的影響。This study, based on social ecological perspective, aimed to investigate the influence of environmental factors on physical activity behavior and the role personal factor play between environmental factors and individual’s physical activity. A survey with structured questionnaires was administered to 1114 students stratified cluster random sampling from senior high schools and vocational high schools located in northern Taiwan. Pearson’s correlations, t-tests, hierarchical regression analysis, and path analysis were used. The findings were as follows: (1) environmental factors and self-efficacy factor were significantly correlated with physical activity behavior; (2) gender differences were found in the social and physical environmental variables and personal factor; (3) when social factors were adjusted for sex and self-efficacy, social support, norms, and perceived importance of school environmental resources could be predictors of physical activity behavior; (4) social and physical environmental factors had direct or indirect influences on physical activity behavior. There were gender differences in social and physical environmental factors that had direct and indirect influences on physical activity behavior. (5) perceived self-efficacy worked as the mediator between environmental factors and physical activity behavior. Thus, social and physical environmental factors were important influence factors among physical activity behavior in adolescents.