職場工作者工作價值觀、社會支持與生涯調適力之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨於了解職場工作者的工作價值觀、社會支持與生涯調適力現況，探討三者在不同背景變項下的差異性，以及三者之間的相關性與因果關係。 研究工具採用「工作價值觀量表」、「社會支持量表」與「生涯調適能力量表台灣版」，加上個人背景變項編製而成，研究樣本採便利抽樣，針對台灣地區民營企業主管與員工發放網路問卷，再以描述統計、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關係數、典型相關與結構方程式等方法驗證假設，最後再提出討論與建議。研究結果簡述如下： 一、現況：職場工作者的工作價值觀、社會支持與生涯調適力之平均得分均高於量表中間值，屬於中等以上程度。 二、差異性：職場工作者的性別、年齡、教育程度與職位，在工作價值觀上達統計顯著差異；職場工作者的性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀態、工作年資與職位，在社會支持上達統計顯著差異；職場工作者的教育程度、工作年資與職位，在生涯調適力上達統計顯著差異。 三、相關性：職場工作者的工作價值觀、社會支持與生涯調適力，兩兩之間各有一組典型相關因素存在，且達顯著水準。 四、因果關係：職場工作者的工作價值觀對生涯調適力、工作價值觀對社會支持、社會支持對生涯調適力均有直接效果存在，且工作價值觀也會透過社會支持間接影響生涯調適力，顯示因果模式獲得支持。 最後根據前述研究結果，提出相關反思與建議，以作為企業主管與員工、以及未來研究之參考。

This study attempted to explore the relationships among work values, social support and career adaptability of adult workers in Taiwan. A convenience sample of 373 working adults was recruited from private enterprises in Taiwan by on-line questionnaires including The Munster Work Value Measure, Social Support Scale and Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Taiwan Form. Data mainly was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, canonical correlation analysis and SEM. The primary findings listed as follows: (1) the average scores of work values, social support and career adaptability were above the average; (2) statistically significant differences in education level and position were found on work values, social support and career adaptability; significant gender and age difference were found on work values and social support; (3) there are significantly positive canonical correlations among work values, social support and career adaptability; (4) work values and social support positively and significantly predicted career adaptability; work values significantly predicted career adaptability through social support. Implications of the findings for further research and suggestions for business practice were proposed.