運用冒險治療介入安置機構少女人際信任關係之研究

Abstract

本研究之研究目的在於探討安置機構少女在冒險治療活動當中，其人際信任關係之轉變、人際信任經驗、經驗如何轉移到機構的日常生活當中。 研究參與者為某安置機構之8位少女以及5位機構工作人員，一同參與兩個全天的戶外繩索場活動，外加活動前一晚的前導說明，共二天半的冒險治療活動。研究者採用參與觀察、深度訪談的方式收集資料，並以質性研究方式進行編碼、分析。 研究結果顯示： 一、冒險治療產生具體的風險情境，促使少女在其中檢視彼此的信任，並立即給予回應。活動結束後有半數的少女人際信任關係有改變。 二、少女在冒險治療活動當中的人際信任經驗，分為三個互相連結與影響的面向，形成正向的信任循環，其中包括：從被信任者獲得的信任元素共七項、信任者個人產生的信任元素共六項以及彼此互動中產生的信任元素共五項。 三、在冒險治療中獲得的人際信任經驗，透過引導員的提問、結構化的隱喻，促進參與者的自發性隱喻轉移，其項目包括：相信別人是可以幫忙的、啟動互相信任的循環、創造共同經驗提升歸屬感、提升親密感產生信任、轉換角色帶來充權、參與規範的制訂與執行。 研究者最後根據研究結果，對安置機構工作人員、從事冒險治療者以及未來研究者提出建議。

This qualitative research was conducted to explore (1) the changes in the interpersonal trust relationship of residential girls in adventure therapy activities, (2) the interpersonal trust experience of these girls, and (3) the transfer of the interpersonal trust experience. 8 girls and 5 staff from a resettlement institution participated in a two-and-a-half-day adventure treatment.The researcher collected data through observations and in-depth interviews, and then encoded and analyzed data through qualitative research methods. This research shows: 1.The adventure therapy activities created specific risk situations that allowed girls to test each other's trust and to respond immediately. After the activities, half of the girls have changed their interpersonal trust relationship. 2.The interpersonal trust elements that girls experienced in adventure therapy activities are divided into three interacting aspects: elements derived from the trustees, elements generated by the trustors, and elements generated in interactions. 3.The interpersonal trust experience in adventure therapy activities promotes the spontaneous metaphor transfer of participants through the guidance of the facilitator and structured metaphors. The items include: believe that others can help, start a cycle of trust, create common experiences to enhance the sense of belonging, enhance intimacy to generate trust, exchange roles to empower, participate in the formulation and implementation of norms. In the end, the researcher gives advice to the staff of the resettlement institutions, the adventure therapists, and future researchers.