華語文能力測驗（TOCFL）與中文水平考試 （HSK）中級聽力測驗比較研究
Abstract
語言能力測試是語言教學中重要的環節之一，對於應試者與教學者，測驗評量有評估需求、確認目的以及檢視成效的重要性。本研究旨在分析臺灣與中國的華語文能力中級聽力測驗，以TOCFL進階高階級聽力測驗與HSK五、六級聽力測驗為本研究材料，透過文獻分析法以國際語言能力指標與試題分析相關文獻訂定分析試題之框架。藉由九個項目組成的框架分析試卷表現，包含領域、主題、文本出處、段落形式、語體、詞彙、語言功能、認知提問以及試題內容。接著，透過內容分析法將建立的分析架構利用量化方式歸類，並根據分析的數據呈現敘述性的解釋以及說明。研究結果發現四份試卷中都是以公眾領域為主，唯獨缺乏教育領域。從主題分布得知TOCFL強調應試者能夠談及人際關係及社會事務、參與社會生活，HSK則著重應試者須具備描述在家裡和工作中的日常生活的能力。文本出處方面，TOCFL重視公開的發表，而HSK則重視訪談的文本。從語言能力方面得知TOCFL於談話技巧中的比例逐漸提高，反觀HSK則相對缺乏社交表達、使令表達以及談話技巧。兩者於認知提問面向有明顯的差異，TOCFL強調的是應試者對了解主旨的提問類型，HSK五、六級聽力試卷則要求應試者需要高度掌握對於辦認細節的提問類型。本研究期望能以此結果提供教師、應試者備考的方向，也能有效協助華語能力測驗之試題發展與調整。
Language proficiency testing is a crucial aspect of language teaching and learning, as it allows examinees and teachers to assess needs, recognize objectives, and examine effectiveness.The purpose of this study is to analyze the Chinese language proficiency test, using the listening selection of TOCFL B1-B2 and HSK Level 5 and 6 as the materials.This study used literature on international language proficiency indicators to develop the main framework, which includes domain, topic, text source, discourse type, style, vocabulary, language function, cognitive questions, and content dimension.This study compared and analyzed three TOCFL tests and one HSK test. Data from the results of the study was categorized through content analysis, and the results showed that all four tests were dominated by the public domain, except for the education domain. TOCFL emphasizes the ability to talk about topics on interpersonal relationships, social affairs and social life participation, whereas HSK emphasizes the ability to describe daily life at home and at work.TOCFL emphasizes text sources on public presentations, whereas the HSK emphasizes interview texts.With every revision of the test material, the TOCFL showed an increasing proportion of conversation skills, whereas the HSK lacked in social expression, command expression, and conversation skills.TOCFL emphasizes the type of cognitive questioning that is required to understand the main idea, while HSK requires a high level of mastery of the type of questioning that is needed to understand the details of the situation.Ultimately, this study seeks to provide teachers and examinees with directions for review preparations, and to provide assistance in the development and adjustment for the Chinese language proficiency test questions.
Language proficiency testing is a crucial aspect of language teaching and learning, as it allows examinees and teachers to assess needs, recognize objectives, and examine effectiveness.The purpose of this study is to analyze the Chinese language proficiency test, using the listening selection of TOCFL B1-B2 and HSK Level 5 and 6 as the materials.This study used literature on international language proficiency indicators to develop the main framework, which includes domain, topic, text source, discourse type, style, vocabulary, language function, cognitive questions, and content dimension.This study compared and analyzed three TOCFL tests and one HSK test. Data from the results of the study was categorized through content analysis, and the results showed that all four tests were dominated by the public domain, except for the education domain. TOCFL emphasizes the ability to talk about topics on interpersonal relationships, social affairs and social life participation, whereas HSK emphasizes the ability to describe daily life at home and at work.TOCFL emphasizes text sources on public presentations, whereas the HSK emphasizes interview texts.With every revision of the test material, the TOCFL showed an increasing proportion of conversation skills, whereas the HSK lacked in social expression, command expression, and conversation skills.TOCFL emphasizes the type of cognitive questioning that is required to understand the main idea, while HSK requires a high level of mastery of the type of questioning that is needed to understand the details of the situation.Ultimately, this study seeks to provide teachers and examinees with directions for review preparations, and to provide assistance in the development and adjustment for the Chinese language proficiency test questions.
Description
Keywords
華語文能力測驗, 中文水平考試, 中級, 聽力測驗, TOCFL, HSK, intermediate, listening test