12週中強度漸進阻力訓練對高齡者賀爾蒙與肌肉適能之影響

Abstract

背景：人類隨年齡增長，逐年有肌肉適能 (肌肉力量、肌肉質量、肌肉功能) 減退等問題，進而影響高齡者獨立生活能力，如走路緩慢與精細運動機能退化。伴隨老化現象所產生的肌肉質量降低，與血液低濃度類胰島素生長因子-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1, IGF-1)、高濃度胰島素 (insulin)、腫瘤壞死因子α (tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α)、介白素-6 (interleukin 6, IL-6) 有關。先前研究顯示阻力訓練能改善身體功能表現，但阻力訓練是否能有益地調控合成性及分解性賀爾蒙尚未完全釐清，本研究目的為探討12週阻力訓練對健康高齡者的血液生化指標與肌肉適能的影響。方法：招募19名健康高齡者 (年齡67.9 ± 3.2歲) 隨機分派實驗組與控制組，實驗組從事12週漸進阻力訓練，控制組則維持日常身體活動。在介入前後進行賀爾蒙 (IGF-1, insulin, TNF-α, IL-6)，與肌肉適能 (握力、肌肉質量、30秒坐站、計時起走測驗) 檢測。相依樣本t考驗分析實驗組前後測IGF-1。混合設計二因子變異數分析insulin、TNF-α、IL-6、肌肉適能在不同組別與時間的差異情形。結果：12週介入後，IGF-1與基礎值比較無顯著變化 (p > .05)。Insulin、IL-6、肌肉質量交互作用未達顯著 (p > .05)，主要效果皆未達顯著差異 (p > .05)；握力交互作用未達顯著 (p > .05)，主要效果僅時間因子達顯著差異 (p< .05)；TNF-α交互作用未達顯著 (p > .05)，主要效果皆達顯著差異 (p < .05)；30秒坐站、計時起走測驗交互作用達顯著 (p < .05)，兩者實驗組後測顯著優於實驗組前測 (p < .05)，且計時起走測驗實驗組後測顯著優於控制組後測 (p < .05)。結論：12週中強度漸進阻力訓練改善健康高齡者肌肉力量與功能及減少TNF-α濃度，但肌肉質量、insulin、IGF-1與IL-6則無變化。

Introduction: As people age, the gradual loss of muscle fitness (skeletal muscle mass, strength and function) leads to functional incapacity such as slow gait speed and loss of fine motor skills. The decline in muscle mass is associated with low levels of anabolic hormones (insulin-like growth factor 1, IGF-1) and high levels of insulin and catabolic hormones (tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α; interleukin 6, IL-6). Previous studies have shown that resistance training can increase muscle mass and improve physical performance. However, whether progressive resistance training has beneficial effects on anabolic hormones, and catabolic hormones is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to investigate the effects of a 12-week progressive resistance training on muscle fitness and blood parameters in healthy elders. Methods: Nineteen healthy elderly (67.9 ± 3.2 years) were randomly assigned either to an experimental group (EG, n=10, 12-week of moderate resistance training) or to a control group (CG, n=9). Circulating hormones (IGF-1, insulin, TNF-α, IL-6) and muscle fitness (grip strength, muscle mass, 30-s chair stand, timed up& go test) were measured before and after the resistance training. IGF-1 was analyzed through paired samples t-test; Insulin, TNF-α, IL-6 and the muscle fitness were analyzed using two-way Mixed Anova. Results: After 12-week of intervention, IGF-1 were not significantly changed when compared with the baseline (p < .05). The interaction between insulin, IL-6, muscle mass did not reach statistical significance (p > .05) and out of the main results (p > .05). The interaction between grip strength did not reach statistical significance (p > .05), only the time factor reached statistical significance (p< .05). The interaction between TNF-α did not reach statistical significance (p > .05), but the time and group factors both reached statistical significance (p < .05). The interaction between 30-s chair stand, timed up & go test reached statistical significance (p < .05), both of which were significantly greater than those before exercise (p < .05), and the timed up & go test of EG post were significantly greater than CG post (p < .05). Conclusion: 12-week of moderate resistance training improvemuscle strength and function and reduce TNF-α concentration in healthy elderly, there was no substantial change in muscle mass, insulin, IGF-1 and IL-6.