應用模糊多準則決策分析於新技術導入評估模式之研究－以台灣模具廠商為例

Abstract

在目前產品設計及製造的運用上，產品的生產開發過程可分為設計、設計驗證與量產三階段，而在設計驗證階段常因產品設計的差異或其它因素進行設計變更，因此若能減少此階段的開發時間與費用，則將對產品的時效性與成本競爭力有極大的助益。快速生成模具(型)的新製程技術，使得生產製造業者面對科技創新所帶來新的製造模式改變。由於廠商導入3D列印技術的投資規模、技術複雜性與競爭策略等考量，其評估因素選擇可以被看作是一個多屬性決策過程，因此，本研究以台灣模具廠商導入3D列印技術為例，目的為提供一個系統方法對技術導入的決策評估，其中提出了兩個階段的程序。第一階段經由專家訪談與文獻蒐集建立初始準則後，透過模糊德爾菲法獲得專家意見於廠商導入新技術的重要評估構面與關鍵準則。在第二階段，使用模糊層級分析法將導入3D列印技術評估因素作為衡量的指標，找到每個標準的重要性程度，並建立了一個實證評估模型，為決策者提供參考。最後，本研究經專家評估各關鍵因素之重要性，結果以「技術趨勢」、「購建設備成本」、「財務策略」與「同業競爭優勢」為廠商在評估新技術導入時最重視之因素。

In the current use of industrial manufacturing, the product development process can be divided into production design, design verification and mass production in three stages, and in the design validation stage often due to differences in product design, design changes or other factors, therefore, it would reduce this stage development time and costs, then the product timeliness and cost competitiveness of great help. As the mold maker import 3D printing technology, the scale of investment, technical complexity and competitive strategy considerations, its assessment of factors that can be considered as a multi-attribute decision-making process. Therefore, this paper aimed to provide a systematic approach for the assessment of technology into the decision-making, which proposed a two-stage process. The first phase collected via expert interviews and literature to establish the initial guidelines, the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) to get through expert advice on vendors introduce new technology is an important criterion. In the second stage, the use of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) screening of the expert evaluation criteria for each dimension of the indicator as a measure to find the degree of importance of each criterion, and the establishment of an evaluation model to provide reference for decision-makers. This paper was approved by experts to assess the importance of the key factors that result in technology trends, the cost of acquisition, construction equipment, financial strategy and competition advantage for the manufacturers to evaluate new technologies in the most important factors when importing.