高中乙級女子籃球隊差序式領導行為之探究

Abstract

教練的領導行為係影響選手和團隊多面向的因素，而西方的領導行為未必能直接使用在東方社會上，因而延伸出了屬於華人社會的領導行為，許多研究中都將整個團隊視為單一個體，未探討教練如何因應選手的差異，突顯出了此一研究缺口，而差序式領導即是討論領導者如何差異化對待成員，目前將此領導行為運用於運動團體之研究還相當匱乏，因此本研究旨在以高中乙級女子籃球隊之案例，經深度訪談之手段，探討籃球教練使用差序式領導之現況，並試圖了解差序式領導在教練與球員間、球員與球員間的互動關係為何。結果：教練需在公平與不公平間搖擺，輔以溝通，讓選手理解偏私行為的存在；在進行偏私行為前，教練需要非常了解球員間的差異以及球員個別的強弱項，球員不同學習階段可形成教練使用差序領導的歷程轉變；球員間因內部競爭較低，角色分化後，更願意互相合作、協助。結論：教練運用差序式領導可以作為提升團隊效能及球員認同方式；差序式領導能加強教練與球員之相互理解與認同關係；乙級球員競爭關係於差序式領導下互利大於自利。The leadership behavior of coaches affects multi-faceted factors of players and teams. Western leadership behavior may not be directly applicable to Eastern societies. The specific leadership behavior has been extended to Chinese societies. The fact that the whole team is viewed as a single entity and the way coaches handle players’ difference remains unexplored exists in many studies, highlighting the research gap. Differential leadership discusses how leaders treat their members differently. Little research has been conducted in the application of this leadership behavior to sports teams. This study aims to examine the case of a high school girls' basketball team. Through in-depth interviews, the current situation of differential leadership among the basketball coaches can be examined and the interaction between coaches and players, and among players may be understood. Results: Coaches choose to be fair and unfair; if necessary, communicate. Thus, players are familiar with favoritism. Coaches should understand the differences between players and individual strengths and weaknesses before adopting favoritism. The changes coaches adoptingdifferential leadership are ongoing based on players’ different learning stages. With low internal competition, players are willing to cooperate. Conclusion: In sports teams, differential leadership can improve team performance and enhance mutual understanding and recognition between coaches and players. Under differential leadership, mutual support between players is more important than competition for players.