從發現典範探討輕症自閉症青少年社會互動進步

Abstract

本研究以輕症自閉症青少年在社會互動的進步現象為目標，擱置以往聚焦於個體能力缺陷觀點，採用發現典範來考察其社會互動現象，整體性地揭示輕症自閉症者的互動行為。本研究招募四位育有輕症自閉症青少年的母親進行其孩子社會互動的長期觀察訪談，並以現象學方法分析訪談逐字稿，從而獲得對輕症自閉症青少年的社會互動進步表現的普遍結構描述。研究結果指出，「輕症自閉症青少年社會互動進步之普遍結構」包括五項主題，分別為：「依循著道理或軌道化的行為表現樣態」、「在溝通行動中沒有出現可以修飾行為的反饋作用」、「特定興趣領域的形成有助於溝通現象的出現」、「溝通時的語用影響取決於他人的知覺立場與反應」、以及「不激起道理對立的順應他人行為」五項主題。這五項主題不應分別來看，而是共同構成一個關於輕症自閉症者「社會互動進步現象」之整體。除了回答研究問題外，本研究可以貢獻於輕症自閉症者社會互動研究的概念反思，以及有助於實務工作者設計輕症自閉症青少年的教育訓練計劃。最後，本研究結果有助於對大眾提出這樣的倡議：與輕症自閉症者互動是相互了解與相互改善的過程，如果與輕症自閉症者互動之人可以投入此一過程，而非僅僅只是將互動問題歸究於輕症自閉症者本身的困難，則將更有利於後者的社會適應。This study aimed at understanding the phenomena of progresses in social interaction of adolescents with mild autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Putting aside the view of deficiency, this study adopted the paradigm of discovery and intended to grasp the phenomena of social interaction of the adolescents with mild ASD as a whole. Four mothers of adolescents with mild ASD accepted the research interview for their long-term observation of their children’s social interaction. The interview transcriptions were then analyzed with a phenomenological method and resulted in a description of the general structure of social interaction of adolescents with mild ASD. The general structure is composed with five themes: embodied rule-sticking behaviors, lacking of feedback loops in communicative interaction, other-depending pragmatic impact in communication, and complying behavior when no conflict with others. In addition to answering the research questions, the research result also provides a theoretical conceptual reflection to the studies on adolescents with mild ASD and a guidance for practitioners to design proper plans for training the adolescents. Last but not least, stemming from this research is also an advocacy to the public: the interaction with people with mild ASD is a process for mutual understanding but not only for proving their being deficient.