國民中小學教師英語補救教學實踐之個案研究

Abstract

本研究緣起自研究者對英語補救教學現況的關懷，有感於從實踐角度理解英語補救教學及其研究的重要性，選擇以「教師英語補救教學實踐」作為主題。首先，在前探研究階段，訪談八位國民中小學教師，其後，採取個案研究方法，在2009至2011年間，以其中的二位國小教師與一位國中教師作為研究對象，運用教室觀察、訪談與文件蒐集等技術，希望進一步瞭解個案教師的英語補救教學理念、實踐、成效及其影響因素。綜合文獻探討與實地研究的結果，獲致研究結論如下。

壹、教師的英語補救教學理念從生命故事建構而來：教師的英語學習經驗蘊蓄其補救教學理念、英語教學經驗型塑其補救教學理念，理念也因個人背景、特質、課程與教學哲學而有異同。

貳、教師的英語補救教學實踐因應教學脈絡而籌劃：教師以教學脈絡為考量，發展從「規劃」、「教學」、「練習」、「評量」到「反省」的循環性實踐歷程；以正式課程為本位，「簡化」、「重組」或「增添」教科書內容，發展出複合加強基礎、學習策略與個別化特質的課程類型，及具有資源班、個別化與合作學習精神的教學型態；以補救目標為核心，參採字彙、文法補救與多元評量為主，動機激勵、常規管理與社會互動為輔的教學策略；以彈性且持續的態度，面對、追蹤與反省問題；其教學理念與實踐之間的關係，也因為個人專業發展的階段不同而有差異。

參、教師對於各種因素的覺知與掌握影響其英語補救教學成效：影響實踐成效良好的因素，包括：教師能夠覺知與掌握現有設備經費、學校行政與導師的支持、學生的學習和情感需求，以及課程的難度、實用性與趣味性。此外，教師具備一定的補救教學素養，能秉持積極、認真與不輕易放棄的態度，運用適切的教學方式與得宜的班級經營，即時在適當的時段實施一定時程的教學；影響實踐成效有限的因素，包括：教師欠缺的教學素養造成實踐時的盲點，教師難以同時處理部分家長較為消極、學校活動干擾、少數導師消極與班級學習文化不彰狀況，難以完全處理部分學生能力有限與學習意願問題，無法有效透過教學轉化部分課程的趣味性與難度，無法再增加補救教學時間與縮小班級規模等。

承上，分別針對國民中小學英語補救教學課程、教學與環境的改善提出建議，並就個人的研究提出省思，以作為後續研究改進的參考。Pursuing the best teaching practice for English remedial instruction in primary and middle schools poses a unique challenge to Taiwanese English teachers. However, there are few studies focusing on the contexture and influential factors of English remedial practices in such areas. The current study, rooted from the author’s passion in teaching, tried to analyze what constitute the best teaching practice and also issues affect the effectiveness of English remedial instruction. In the pre-exploration stage, the author built the theoretical basis and contexture of teaching practice of English remedial instruction in primary and middle schools with literature review; then constructed the research scaffold by interviewing eight English teachers from these settings. In the subsequent case study stage (2009-2011), the author collected the belief about English remedial practices of three teachers and investigated the processes and outcomes of their exercises with classroom observation, in-depth interviews and document mining. Combining the two stages of study, the author found that firstly the English learning and life experiences of teachers did affect their ideas and practice on English remedial instruction. Secondly, a good English remedial instruction practice includes practical and delicate planning, systemic but diverse strategies and also flexible and enduring checks for problems and solutions. Thirdly, the effectiveness of English remedial instruction in primary and middle schools depends on appropriate environments, students, curricula, timing and teachers. Finally, the author brought some reflections and suggestions in the curricula and teaching environments in current English remedial instruction in primary and middle schools. These results would provide a useful primer for improving current practices in this area and the initial step for further studies.