百公尺跑分段成績與體能測驗之研究

Abstract

本研究在比較不同年級高職生與不同身體組成(BMI)的學生，百公尺分段成績與體能之相關。每個年級兩個班(一、二、三年級男學生共200名)，進行百公尺及體能檢測。所得資料依年級及身體組成分組，以獨立樣本單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA )與克瓦二氏(Kruskal-Wallis)單因子等級變異數分析進行考驗及Pearson相關分析，並探討百公尺與體能測驗間之逐步迴歸分析，顯著水準訂為α = .05。結果得知不同年級學生的百公尺跑不同分段距離的成績，除了一年級在10m、20m時與二、三年級有顯著差異、三年級在30m與一年級有顯著差異以外，其他並無顯著差異。百公尺跑分段距離的成績在身體組成值為過輕組（BMI＜18）與正常（18.5≦BMI＜24）組無顯著差異，百公尺分段計時中過重（BMI≧24）組在20m、30m、40m、50m、60m、70m、80m、90m、100m與正常組有顯著差異，皆慢於正常組的成績。過重組在部份的體能檢測項目顯著不如正常組及過輕組的體能。百公尺跑分段距離的成績與坐姿體前彎及平衡無顯著相關，與立定跳遠、仰臥起坐、1600公尺跑走、敏捷、反應時間、曲折跑、垂直跳高及立定連續三次跳達顯著相關。結論：身體組成值正常組之學生在百公尺分段成績及體能上有較佳的表現。在百公尺跑成績之多元迴歸分析中，立定連續三次跳預測力最高，其次為1600公尺跑。百公尺成績迴歸方程式： ŷ=－0.006‧立定三次跳＋0.002‧一千六百公尺跑走＋0.032‧反應＋17.638。This study aimed to reveal the correlation between (1) physical fitness and 100m sprint section performance of different grade high school students. (2) The physical fitness test and 100m sprint section performance in different Body Mass Index (BMI) of the students. By means of the stratified random sampling, students of two different classes from each grade were singled out and take physical fitness tests. Assorted according to the grade and the BMI, the data obtained are processed by independent sample one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric ANOVA with the significance level set at α=.05. In addition, the regression analysis was carried out to explore the correlation between section performance in 100-meter sprint and physical fitness tests. The results were as follows: (1) No significant difference was found among the three grade high school students in the physical fitness test and section performance in 100-meter sprint, except the first grade students were slower than the second and the third grade students in 10m and 20m section dash, the third grade students performed faster than the first grade in 30m section running. (2) The over weight group（BMI≧24）performed significant less than the normal group students（18.5≦BMI＜24）. (3) Section performance in 100-meter sprint of students were no significantly correlated with the performance in regard to sit-and-reach and balance; there were significantly correlated with the performance in regard to standing long jump, sit up, 1600m-run-and-walk, agility, reaction time, shuttle run, vertical jump, and standing triple jump. From this study, it was concluded that students with normal BMI（18.5≦BMI＜24）showed better performance in physical fitness. The multiple regression method analyses with the 100m sprint, standing triple jump has the highest accuracy in predicting the performance of 100m sprint, the 1600m-run-and-walk was the second and. 100m sprint regression function： ŷ=－0.006‧standing triple jump＋0.002‧1600-meter-run-and-walk＋0.032‧reaction＋17.638。