認真對待自由民族主義：與Tamir的一場論辯

Abstract

本文以Yuli（Yael） Tamir的自由民族主義為研究對象，研究主題包括︰它是否成功結合了自由主義與民族主義，以及它對當前民族問題的解決又提供了何種貢獻。議題從作為一般政治哲學基礎的「人」、被所有民族主義視為核心的「民族」概念，逐次延伸至Tamir倡議的兩項基本主張：「成員優先的公平分配原則」，以及「民族權利是普遍的個人權利」。透過一連串的結構性論辯，本論文試著揭露，雖然Tamir的自由民族主義對調融兩大主義提出許多深具探討意義的觀點，也有助於和緩民族訴求所引發的現實衝突，但整體而言，理論內部的一些嚴重矛盾，以及對兩大主義部份核心主張的輕忽，使之不但有消解民族主義的可能，更潛藏了自由主義所憎惡的威權主義因子。This dissertation focuses on Yuli(Yael) Tamir’s liberal nationalism. It attempts to answer two research questions: First, whether her theory combines liberalism and nationalism successfully? Second, what does it contribute to current national problems? Main issues in question include: (a) “the idea of the person” as the foundation of general political philosophy, (b) the concept of “nation” as the core value of all types of nationalism, (c) the first claim of Tamir’s liberal nationalism: preferring members to nonmembers and treating members fairly, and (d) the second claim of Tamir’s liberal nationalism: national rights are both individual and universal rights. Through a series of arguments, this research tries to demonstrate that despite offering some significant views aiming at combining liberalism and nationalism which are worth further discussing and helpful to tone down conflicts among nations, several serious inconsistencies in Tamir’s theory with her neglecting some basic claims of both liberalism and nationalism make her liberal nationalism potentially damage to nationalism and leave room for authoritarianism which liberals hate.