劉真教育理念與實踐之研究

Abstract

教育學是兼重理論與實務的學科，故教育工作者在實務工作上常常會面臨理念如何實踐的問題，對此本研究以臺灣教育家劉真為對象，透過歷史研究法、訪談法，探討劉真之教育理念的主要思想淵源、內涵及實踐，並進一步耙梳其理念實踐的啟示。經研究後發現，劉真在其學習經驗、工作經驗及社會背景中產生的教育主要思想淵源有二，一為儒家倫理思想，二為三民主義的教育思想；而其據此建構出來的理念主軸是推廣並實踐「師道精神」，他認為教育工作必須明白為師之道，才能據以自我要求而讓社會更加重視教育的專業性，在劉真所謂的師道論述中他提出教育工作者應使自己成為教育家，而一位教育家應具備「慈母般的愛心、園丁般的耐心、教士般的熱誠、聖哲般的懷抱」這四項條件，且應使自己成為「國師」。為了實踐其教育理念，劉真在擔任臺灣省立師範大學(院)校長、臺灣省教育廳長及政治大學教育所(所長)期間，皆致力於教育環境的改善，並推動具有師道精神的師資培育機制；劉真在這些職務的執行上研究者認為有三個共同性，一是提出其堅持的原則或判準，二是在執行政策措施的同時透過語言文字積極發表理念構想，三是在各項措施的推行上具有鮮明的次序性。透過對劉真之教育理念與實踐的探討，本研究所獲得的啟示有三，第一、要建構本土特色的教育學說可經由儒家倫理思想所發展出來的師道精神來建構；第二、教育學次學門間的對話應以教育工作者的生命為載體產生交流對話；第三、當今師道精神的教育在師資培訓過程中的角色逐漸模糊，如果師道、精神的教育是師範教育不可或缺的元素，則應重思師道精神的教育在師範教育中的價值定位。

Pedagogy is a discipline that emphasizes both theory and practice, thus educators often face the challenge of how to implement their educational philosophies in practical work. This study focuses on Taiwanese educator Liu Chen, using historical research and interview methods to explore the main sources, content, and implementation of Liu Chen's educational ideals, and to further analyze the implications of his practical application of these ideas. The study found that Liu Chen's major educational thought sources, derived from his learning experiences, work experiences, and social background, include two main elements: Confucian ethical thought and the educational philosophy of the Three Principles of the People. Based on these sources, Liu Chen constructed his core educational ideals centered on promoting and practicing the "Spiritof the Teacher's Way." He believed that educators must understand the way of being a teacher to set high standards for themselves, thereby increasing societal recognition of the professionalism in education. In Liu Chen's discourse on the Teacher's Way, he proposed that educators should strive to become true educationists, who should possess "the love of a mother, the patience of a gardener, the enthusiasm of a missionary, and the aspirations of a sage." Additionally, he emphasized that educators should aim to become"national mentor." To implement his educational philosophy, Liu Chen dedicated himself to improving the educational environment and promoting a teacher training system imbued with the Spirit of the Teacher's Way during his tenure as President of Taiwan National Normal University, Director of the Taiwan Provincial Department of Education, and Director of the Institute of Education at National Chengchi University. The researcher identifies three commonalities in Liu Chen's execution of these roles: first, he consistently proposed his principles or criteria; second, he actively articulated his conceptual ideas through language and writing while implementing policy measures; and third, he demonstrated a clear sense of order in the implementation of various measures.Through the exploration of Liu Chen's educational ideals and practice, this study has obtained three insights. First, the construction of a locally distinctive educational doctrine can be achieved through the Spirit of the Teacher's Way developed from Confucian ethical thought. Second, dialogues among sub-disciplines of pedagogy should be facilitated through the life experiences of educators. Third, the role of the Spirit of the Teacher's Way in contemporary teacher training has become increasingly ambiguous; if the education ofthe Teacher's Way and its spirit are indispensable elements of normal education, the value and positioning of such education in teacher training should be reconsidered.