穩健可靠之電動車電池系統設計關鍵要素與策略

Abstract

動力電池是電動車的主要能量儲存元件，也是防範電動車火災的關鍵分析對象。雖然電動車火災的發生機率比燃油車低，但一旦發生火災，其火勢發展速度快、燃燒或爆炸猛烈且難以撲滅，使其危害程度比燃油車更為嚴重。動力電池系統對於電動車的性能、行駛距離和可持續性至關重要。過去的研究通常集中在電芯材料、電芯性能和能量儲存容量，往往忽略了電芯、電池管理系統與週邊系統之間的相互關係。本研究導入決策實驗研究室和基於決策實驗研究室之網路流程分析法，推衍了電芯、電池管理系統及其他輔助系統之間的影響關係和權重。並導入多準則折衷排序法對電動車動力電池於充電、停車與行駛情境下，造成不良反應的關鍵要素及改善對策進行研究。研究發現，電芯電解質為影響電動車動力電池之最關鍵要素，改善電解質可以作為解決動力電池在過度充放電產生過熱或加速老化等不良反應的最佳方案。平衡電芯之串聯電壓與改變電量評估方式，則可作為備選的最佳方案。本文旨在通過決策分析，確定電動車動力電池系統對於電動車安全和性能影響的關鍵要素。包括維持電芯健康狀況和調整電解液之化學成份，如加入稳定劑、阻燃劑，為改善電池性能和保持電動車動力電池高容量、高放電倍率特性的關鍵。本研究的結果對於設計和開發穩健可靠的電動車動力電池系統具有重要意義，可作為未來設計電動車動力電池之依據。The power battery is the primary energy storage component for electric vehicles and a crucial subject of analysis for preventing electric vehicle fires. Although the probability of electric vehicle fires is lower than that of fuel-powered vehicles, once a fire occurs, it develops rapidly, burns or explodes intensely, and is difficult to extinguish, making the potential harm more severe compared to conventional vehicles.The power battery system is essential for the performance, driving range, and sustainability of electric vehicles. Previous research has typically focused on battery cell materials, cell performance, and energy storage capacity while overlooking the relationships between battery cells, the Battery Management System (BMS), and surrounding systems. This study employs the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) methods to analyze the influence relationships and weights between battery cells, BMS, and other auxiliary systems. Additionally, the Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija i Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method is used for multi-criteria decision analysis to rank adverse reactions and improvement strategies for power batteries in charging, parking, and driving scenarios.Research has found that the electrolyte in battery cells is the most critical factor affecting the performance of electric vehicle power batteries. Improving the electrolyte can be the best solution to address adverse reactions like overheating or accelerated aging due to overcharging or discharging. Balancing the series voltage of the cells and changing the way of evaluating battery charge can be considered as alternative optimal solutions.The aim of this thesis is to identify the key factors influencing the safety and performance of electric vehicle power battery systems through decision analysis. Maintaining battery cell health and adjusting the electrolyte, such as by adding stabilizers or flame retardants, which are crucial for improving battery performance and preserving the high capacity and high discharge rate characteristics of electric vehicle power batteries. The findings of this study are significant for designing and developing robust and reliable power battery systems for electric vehicles, ensuring their safety and reliability, and providing valuable reference points for future research.