不同握把橢圓機之生物力學分析

Abstract

現今橢圓機不僅用來健身運動還廣泛使用於醫療復健上，其提供下肢與上肢的訓練，但其並未有完整的握把方面分析。目的：分析不同握把橢圓機之生物力學影響，並建立橢圓機上肢自然運動軌跡。方法：受測者為10名健康成年男性，分以轉速60 rpm分別在三種握把前後距離 (Orig、Middle、Proximal) 和三種寬度 (Narrow、Orig、Wide) 以及3D握把與Free方式進行踩踏。橢圓機之阻力設為0 W，每次進行30秒踩踏，到達穩定之後擷取10秒的資料進行分析。資料分析運動學參數、肌電振幅和手部力量值，使用單因子變異數進行統計分析，顯著水準定為α＝.05。結果：傳統橢圓機握把設計無法有效的提供上肢訓練，而利用3D握把較能提高肱二頭肌的活化效果，對於訓練上半身可能會較有幫助。在無使用握把的踩踏方式上，股二頭肌的活化有較低的現象和身體較不穩定的情況，其藉由踝關節的改變來維持身體質量中心的穩定和驅動飛輪。在改變握把前後距離可能會影響到肱三頭肌的訓練效果。結論：一、未來橢圓機可增加上肢的運動量。二、橢圓機握把軌跡可模擬手部自然擺動的軌跡。三、橢圓機握把可考量以多向度的握把設計。

Nowadays, the elliptical is not only used for exercise but also has been widely applied to rehabilitation. It provides upper- and lower-body training. However, there are not yet any complete studies on handlebars. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the biomechanical effect of different elliptical’s handlebars and establish their natural trajectory. Methods: The subjects were ten healthy males who pedaled on the elliptical trainer at 60 rpm with handlebars in three different positions (Orig, Middle, Proximal), three different widths (Narrow, Orig, Wide) and with 3D handlebars that can move in variable directions, as well as without handlebars (Free). The elliptical trainer’s resistance was set to 0W. The subjects performed pedaling for 30 seconds per time and the 10-second data were gathered after the subjects’ pedaling reached stability. With the data, we try to analyze the kinematics parameters, muscle activation and the hand force value. One-way ANOVA was employed to determine the difference. Results: The results show that traditional handlebars were not able to provide effective upper-body training. On the other hand, the 3D handlebars were more effective to increase bicep activation and, thus, may be more helpful to upper-body training. When the subjects did not use the handlebars at all, their bicep femoris activation tended to be lower and not stable. Therefore, the subjects changed the angle of their ankles to maintain the stability of their center of mass and to push the pedals. The change of handlebars’ front/rear positions may affect the triceps training. Conclusions: Suggestions for the future design of elliptical’s handlebars: 1) to enhance the upper-body training; (2) to be able to move in variable directions; (3) to simulate the trajectory of natural arm flow motion; and (4) the incline angle of pedals.