影響國中生吸菸行為相關因素之研究：以桃園縣為例

Abstract

本研究主要目的為瞭解國中生吸菸現況，並探討研究對象背景因素（包含個人因素、家庭因素、學校因素、社會因素等）與菸害知識、吸菸態度、拒菸自我效能與吸菸行為意向之間的關係，及分析其對吸菸行為之預測力。研究母群體為101學年度就讀桃園縣公私立國民中學全體在學生，以班級為抽樣單位，進行分層隨機抽樣，總計抽出24班，採用結構式問卷收集資料，獲得有效問卷共569份，有效回收率為80.25％，經資料處理與分析，結果發現： 一、研究對象菸害知識會因年級、學業成績、親子關係、桃園縣國小互動式拒菸及戒菸教育印象狀況不同而有顯著差異。 二、研究對象吸菸態度會因性別、學業成績、吸菸經驗、家庭結構、親子關係、同儕吸菸狀況、桃園縣國小互動式拒菸及戒菸教育印象與一年內是否曾教導菸害防制相關課程等狀況不同而有顯著差異。 三、研究對象拒菸自我效能會因學業成績、吸菸經驗、家庭結構、親子關係、家人吸菸狀況、一週內家人吸菸天數、一個月零用錢、同儕吸菸狀況、桃園縣國小互動式拒菸及戒菸教育印象與一年內是否曾教導菸害防制相關課程等狀況不同而有顯著差異。 四、吸菸態度與拒菸自我效能可顯著預測吸菸行為意向。 五、研究對象背景因素（包含吸菸經驗、一個月零用錢、桃園縣國小互動式拒菸及戒菸教育印象）、菸害知識、吸菸態度與拒菸自我效能可有效預測吸菸行為意向，其解釋力為47％。 根據上述結果，本研究針對青少年菸害防制教育策略提出建議，做為未來執行菸害防制工作時，相關議題之研究基礎及政策使用之參考，以有效降低青少年吸菸問題。The main purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of the junior high school students who smoke, to explore their background factors (including personal factors, family factors, school factors and social factors), smoking knowledge, smoking attitudes, anti-smoking self-efficacy and smoking behavior intention relationship, as well as to analyze the prediction of their smoking behavior. The population was the junior high school students in Taoyuan County who enrolled in 2012. Stratified cluster random sample was used to select the respondents. Using classes as units, 24 classes were sampled. The total valid questionnaires were 569 copies. The response rate was 80.25%. The main findings were as follows: 1.The researched objects’ smoking knowledge about differed obviously from their grades, academic achievements, parent-child relationship, anti-tobacoo education materials at elementary school in Taoyuan County and their impression on the quit- smoking lessons. 2.The researched objects’ smoking attitudes differed obviously from their gender, academic achievements, smoking experiences, family structures, parent-child relationship, whether their friends smoked, and whether they received anti-smoking lessons in a year. 3.The anti-smoking self-efficacy differed obviously from their academic achievements, smoking experiences, family structures, parent-child relationship, whether their family smoked, how many days a week their family smoked, their monthly allowance, whether their friends smoked, anti-tobacoo education materials at elementary school in Taoyuan County , their impression on the quit-smoking lessons and whether they received anti-smoking lessons in a year. 4.Their smoking attitudes and anti-smoking self-efficacy could predict smoking intention. 5.The researched objects’ background factors (including smoking experiences, monthly allowance, anti-tobacoo education materials at elementary school in Taoyuan County, and their impression on the quit-smoking lessons), smoking knowledge, smoking attitudes and anti-smoking self-efficiency could predict smokng behavior intention, which was rated 47%. Based on the findings above, this study was to make a suggestion about anti-smoking education strategy for the adolescents and as a reference when enforcing anti-smoking strategy in the future to reduce adolescents’ smoking problem efficiently.