青少年毒品戒治者之認知、態度、行為與因應策略之質性研究

Abstract

毒品濫用已是全球各國關注的行為健康問題。藥物使用者因吸食毒品造成生活形態改變、以及以取得藥物為生活重心，常導致非法藥物吸食者發生營養缺失，睡眠、情緒與人際關係障礙等問題，甚至出現偷、搶、盜等不法行為；或因打架滋事及共用注射針筒海洛因，同時性行為時未使用保險套(Lee, 2006)，使得意外傷害或感染併發症（如愛滋病及C型肝炎）的發生機率大為提高。不僅如此，藥物濫用者亦可能會出現憂鬱、自殺等精神共發症狀。而且由於非法藥物使用者多為青壯年，致使毒品流通更形泛濫，這種種因素皆造成個人、家庭與社會難以估計之傷害。 青少年濫用藥物不僅對於個人和家庭有很大的影響，對於整個社會也造成相當程度的負擔。由於國內對於青少年的藥物使用之相關研究多以在校學生為樣本，因此，本研究主要目的是探討青少年毒品戒治犯對於濫用藥物的認知、態度與行為，並且評估國內少年觀護所中的青少年戒治犯如何因應高危險情境。藉由質性面對面焦點團體訪談（Focus Group Interview）研究設計，針對少年觀護所中的戒治犯者進行研究，可促進我們瞭解青少年初次使用藥物的情境、對藥物的認知、態度與行為，並且將所得之成果做為青少年不碰毒品的宣導或預防。 本研究計畫研究樣本是年齡20歲以下的青少年戒治犯，至少過去曾經使用二級毒品。計畫第一部分以徵詢專家發展訪談主題及建立理論架構，目前規劃是以生態模式（Ecological Model）為主；第二部分是進行質性訪談為主，瞭解青少年第一次使用毒品前與使用後對於毒品的認知、態度及行為，內容會包括初次使用藥物的危險情境、對軟性藥物、硬性藥物的看法，使用藥物可能產生的影響或結果，是否受到社區因素或是國家毒品相關政策的影響、以及使用毒品後所導致的生理或心理症狀。進行面對面訪談前，會先請受訪者填參與本研究所設計之同意書，願意參與者才納入研究。本計畫預計收取40位受訪者，大約有6-8個焦點團體。 本研究計畫在理論及實務工作上皆有其價值。在理論方面，本研究可以釐清生態模式在青少年對於藥物使用行為的認知與態度的呈現。在實務工作及政策方面，其成果可做為政策制訂者的參考依據，或作為設計更有效的遠離毒品宣導影片來作為介入課程，以期能協助青少年能避免使用藥物，於日後能以適當的身心健康來回饋社會。

Drug abuse has been a health behavior problem internationally. Because drug users focused on drug use and life usually became chaotic, hence, they gradually lack of nutrition, sleep, interpersonal relations, stealing, and having sex without condoms as well (Lee, 2006). These risk behaviors increased rates of hepatitis C and other infectious diseases, including AIDS. Nonetheless, drug abuses may also have depressive and suicidal symptoms. Drug abuse mainly happens among adolescents and young adults which cost harms of personal, familial, and societal capital. Drug abuse among adolescents has major impact not only on themselves and families, but also whole society. This study will intend to investigate knowledge, attitudes, practices and coping strategies related to drug use among adolescent offenders in correctional facilities since past research focused solely on adolescents in school. The research design of this study will employ focus group interview for adolescents talking about how they respond to the first drug use and social context at the time of using drugs. Results of this study will very helpful in designing an effective prevention program in relation to avoiding drugs targeting at-risk adolescents. This study will recruit adolescents with the criteria of age under 20, used controlled drugs, and currently in correctional facilities. We will establish an ecological model on the basis of adolescent research literature and suggestions from experts. Based on the research model, interview outlines including risk situations, attitudes towards hard and soft drugs, consequences of using drugs drug policies and physiological/psychological influences will be developed and used in the focus groups. This study will recruit about 40 adolescents with their consent forms and formed 6 to 8 focus groups. This research has its value both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically, this research can clarify the impacts of factors at different levels. Empirically, results can provide evidence for policy makers and design a better prevention program and films educating adolescents avoiding drugs. In addition, results can help at risk adolescents adapt back into normal life and contribute to the society.