日本和太鼓在台灣的發展

Abstract

日本太鼓的發展至今已存在一千六百多年的歷史，大約自古墳文化時期從中國、朝鮮等各地方鼓類傳入而成形，並廣泛地作為功能性應用與伴奏樂器的角色。二次世界大戰後，在西方文化等因素衝擊之下，日本太鼓文化產生了一條新的發展軌跡，開始脫離附屬地位並發展成組太鼓的演奏型態，呈現不同的表演格局。不但在樂器上改良形制，呈現出明顯不同於傳統樂器之樣貌；在音樂與表演型態上也同時和世界接軌，尋求一種傳統和現代之間的「和」。從和太鼓的本質與發展來看，一方面是希望將此表演藝術視為日本民族的文化表現，使之具有藝術與傳承的價值、文化的意義；另一方面則是體認到其音樂與表演乃需趨於多元化之走向，思考如何讓和太鼓從日本出發與世界接軌，並在國際舞台上佔有一席之地，而開始將其傳統鼓藝結合世界各地不同的表演風格與元素。 本研究主要以和太鼓的歷史脈絡與發展現況、樂器的形制發展、精神意涵等作為理論方面之論述，並且嘗試將和太鼓的演奏型態與打擊形式，進行分析與整理。而和太鼓在台灣音樂創作中的運用與體現方式，近年來已有許多擊樂家們反思與審視未來發展的方向，極力以本土音樂與文化作為取材來源進行創作；其中部分作品已用於國際和太鼓賽事之自選曲，呈現出富有台灣本土文化風格的特質。因此在樂團調查與文本分析方面，主要以表現手法、展演形式、樂曲分析等要點，切入探討融合多元音樂素材的編創手法，並思考創作風格與演奏手法在整體和太鼓環境中的趨勢定位，希冀建立其專業形象與價值，作為思考未來推廣和太鼓發展之基礎，並重新省視自身文化之內涵，及對於進步價值之持續追尋與真誠實踐。

The development of Japanese taiko has been lasting for over 16 centuries. Taiko dates back to ancient times as early as Kofun period in which various drums around China and Choson are said to have circulated and widely used to function of musical instrument. Under such factors as influence of western culture, after World War II Japanese taiko drums have been developed into a wide range of percussion instruments to depart from the subsidiary role. Wadaiko has been transformed in distinct art form of ensemble taiko drumming (sometimes called more specifically, "kumi-daiko") that would be used in the combination between classical and folk musical style and resonate deeply in the Japanese people’s hearts. Considering the essence and development, wadaiko is made up of various kinds of Japanese taiko drums as arts and culture presentation. Thinking of the fact that multicultural direction is fundamental to music and performance tendency; on the other hand, it is significant to start with Japanese wadaiko and bridge a connection global network and further combine folk music with diverse worldwide performance styles and elements.

This dissertation focuses on the history of Wadaiko and its development, instrumental evolution, and the essence and so forth; the analysis about Wadaiko performance as instrumental style and percussion would be in further discussion. The application and representation of Wadaiko in Taiwan music creation has been the focus that many performers pay much attention to reflection and future development and their dedication to local music and culture in such artistic creations would be the best witness. Some of the masterpieces have been selected as elective song that presents Taiwan original cultural style in it. Taiko drumming ensembles survey and textual analysis; therefore, should highlight scheme of presentation, style of performance, musical analysis and so on. Further discussion lays great stress on the combination of multi-music ingredients; creative style and performance scheme would be taken into consideration when it comes to Wadaiko trend and its situational analysis. Creative designers deserve a comprehensive direction to creative works in hopes for reflection on initial culture itself and devotion to sustainable value and implementation of enthusiasm.