影響國中生科學實作活動的因素之探討

Abstract

在二十世紀中葉以後，科學教育開始盛行的「做中學」理念來學習，學者專家也特別重視「科學過程技能」。因此，本研究欲藉由科學的實作活動，經由實作活動的評量，瞭解國中生於實際製作水火箭的過程中，其實作活動歷程的表現，並探討影響國中生科學實作活動的相關因素。 本研究以國中生七年級學生34人，作為資料蒐集的對象，並自行發展學習單及檢核表，透過量測工具來蒐集學生「科學概念」、「操作技能」與「問題解決」及「實作表現」的成績，並將其整理分析。本研究結論如下：

一、描述性統計分析結論： 總觀來看，學生在「科學概念」、「操作技能」、「問題解決」及「實作表現」上，均隨著實作活動時間的演變而增進，表示此實作的教學活動，有助於學生培養其「科學概念」、「操作技能」、「問題解決」及「實作表現」的各項能力。

二、學生歷程表現： 1.實作活動學生初期的表現 學生在實作活動的初期，其「操作技能」最容易影響「實作表現」。 2.實作活動學生中期的表現 學生在實作活動的中期，其「問題解決」能力最容易影響「實作表現」。 3.實作活動學生末期的表現 學生在實作活動的末期，其「科學概念」最容易影響「實作表現」。 關鍵字：實作活動、科學概念、操作技能、問題解決

After mid-20th-century, science education has been focusing on “Learning By Doing”. More and more experts placed emphasis on “science process skills” in the practical activities. Therefore, the study aimed to examine the process of making water rockets in a practical activity conducted by junior high school students. Furthermore, this study also investigates and analyzes the related factors that affect practical performances. There were 34 seven-grade junior high school students participated in this research. Learning portfolio and checklists were developed to gather and analyze students’ science concept, manual skill, problem solving, and practical performance. These findings and conclusions are presented as follows:

1. The conclusions of descriptive statistic: Students’ science concept, manual skill, problem solving, and practical performance all have been improved with the passing of time in the practical activity. It also showed the practical activity could help students to develop their science concept, manual skill, problem solving ability, and practical performance.

2. Students’ learning process: (1)In the initial stage: Students’ manual skill had great effect on practical performance in the initial stage of the practical activity. (2)In the middle stage: Students’ problem solving ability had great effect on practical performance in the middle stage of the practical activity. (3)In the last stage: Students’ performance in science concept had great effect on practical performance in the last stage of the practical activity.

Key Words: practical activity; science concept; manual skill; problem solving;