單次認知要求運動對工作記憶之影響

Abstract

目的：工作記憶是指牢記並處理不具感知力訊息的能力，對任務相關的訊息進行主動維持和操弄。已經有許多研究證實，單次性運動有助於提升工作記憶，且高認知需求的身體活動被認為可以更有效的提高認知能力。因此本研究旨在探討，單次性認知要求運動對成年人工作記憶和神經電生理機制之影響。方法：本研究招募 31 位成年男性（平均年齡 23.55 ± 2.19 歲），採用組內設計隨機次序平衡使每位參與者皆進行三種情境 20 分鐘的介入，分別為高認知要求運動情境（HE）、低認知要求運動情境（LE）、控制情境（AC）。在運動情境中，參與者需根據不同認知要求的規則踩踏燈號進行 20 分鐘中高強度間歇運動（運動一分鐘，休息一分鐘）。在三種情境介入前後皆進行 工作記憶 2-back 測驗和簡單反應時間測驗（SRT），並同時使用腦電圖紀錄 P3 成分的變化。結果：行為表現的部分，在2-back測驗中高認知要求運動情境反應時間改變量顯著優於控制情境（p = .015），但低認知要求運動情境與高認知要求運動情境和控制情境皆無差異，而三情境間 SRT 測驗表現亦無差異。腦電圖的部分，高認知要求運動情境的 P3 潛時改變量顯著大於控制情境（p = .002），然而三情境間 P3 振幅並無差異。結論：運動中加入與工作記憶測試有關的認知要求，能夠使工作記憶表現及神經處理速度有更好的促進效果，但未在 SRT 測驗中看到效果，提供了認知要求特定性的重要證據。The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of acute exercise with cognitive demands on working memory and electrophysiological mechanisms in adults. Methods: This study recruited 31 adult males and employed a within-subjects design with randomized order to ensure that each participant underwent interventions in three conditions. There were high cognitive demand exercise (HE), low cognitive demand exercise (LE), and a control condition (AC). In exercise conditions, participants engaged in 20 minutes of moderate to high intensity intermittent exercise by following with different cognitive demands. Before and after each conditions, participants completed the 2-back working memory task and a simple reaction time task (SRT), with concurrent recording of changes in the P3 component using electroence-phalography (EEG). Results: The reaction time (RT) change score in high cognitive demand exercise was significantly better than that in control condition (p = .015) in the 2-back task. However, there were no differences in RT between low cognitive demand exercise and both high cognitive demand exercise and control condition, there were also no differences in SRT task performance across three conditions. In EEG analysis, the change score in P3 latency in high cognitive demand exercise was significantly larger than that in control condition (p = .002). Conclusion: Incorporating cognitive demands related to working memory task into exercise can lead to better facilitation of working memory performance and neural processing speed, providing important evidence of cognitive demand specificity.