辛稼軒「夢」詞研究

Abstract

日有所思，夜遊所夢。夢，為人類深沉意識。由「夢」為徑，探悉文人情志，得以入其念想。全面觀詞所指，辛稼軒為宋人作詞數量之首，其特殊經歷與心志化入詞境，深受後代文人關注。故而筆者根據相關文獻，以歸納整理與完形心理學為法，明晰辛稼軒「夢」詞。本文研究目的劃分四層，深入剖析辛稼軒「夢」詞。論述詞人生平與交友情況，觀其創作變化。據「夢」詞採用常用詞牌的頻率，分析選調韻情形。探究「夢」詞主題類型，辨析詞人思想情志。經由完形心理學法則，融入「夢」詞意象，深度了解詞人創作妙思與審美效果。辛稼軒平生屢遭波折，歷經三仕三隱。任官志氣難掩，時而激昂抑鬱。二度閑居，多言山水田野，隱含無奈哀怨。交游甚廣，常與朝中地方文士來往。時移事易，友朋離散，詞語哀涼。「夢」詞擇調而作，以〈滿江紅〉、〈水調歌頭〉，及〈鷓鴣天〉為主。〈滿江紅〉節奏緊湊，適宜抒懷。〈水調歌頭〉句式多變，靈活運用。〈鷓鴣天〉音律諧婉，風流醞藉。「夢」詞主題分四類，唱和酬贈、悲歡惆悵、記事遊歷、題詞詠物。第一類酬唱贈別，可見辛稼軒抱負。第二類富含詞人情志，借景抒懷。第三類為平日記事，得知其人生活。第四類為他人所託題詞或詠物，領悟辛稼軒寫景述物巧思。運用完形心理學方面的探究，詞人用完形法則比率，以「簡潔法則」使用次數最高，顯示辛稼軒極善遣辭用句，語句簡潔，鏗鏘有力。亦常搭配多個法則創作，促使詞作意象豐富，引人深層賞閱。The study examines the “Dream” of Tz'u by Xin, Qi Ji (1140-1207). “Dream”, one of the most frequently used idea in ancient Chinese poetry, embodies the subconscious thoughts of its author. Xin, Qi Ji was a Chinese poet, official, and military general during the Southern Song dynasty who created numerous great Chinese Tz'u poetry. The thesis aims to provide a comprehensive exploration. Xin, Qi Ji had a strong ambition that the Southern Song dynasty could regain its lost territories, which was unrealized. He was dismissed three times when he lived in seclusion. He described a lot about the mountains, rivers and fields in his Tz'u. As time goes on, most of his friends had divided or died. His style of writing became more “Chen Yu”. In “Dream” of Tz'u by Xin, Qi Ji often chose some specific tunes, like “Man Jiang Hong”, “Shui Tiao Ge Tou” and “Zhe Gu Tian”. He selected “Man, Jiang-Hong” to express his depression. “Shui Tiao Ge Tou” has various sentence patterns and can be used flexibly. “Zhe Gu Tian” consists of a harmonious melody which is full of sentiment. The theme of the “Dream” of Tz'u by Xin, Qi Ji can divide into four categories: “Bei Huan Chou Chang”, “Chang He Chou Zeng”, “Ji Shi You Li”, “Ti Ci Yong Wu”. The first category shows the desire to reclaim lost territories. The second category has graceful words, which convey great sense of his emotions. The third category included daily poems of his retired life. The fourth category contains the poetic works which had been entrusted to him.The study adopted Gestalt laws of organization to analyze the “Dream” of Xin, Qi Ji. The principle of Prägnanz was used the most frequently, which represented an outstanding performance of writing. In addition, he was an expert in combining principles to present various images and melancholy feelings.