全球化時代下臺灣高等教育人才培育政策之探討

Abstract

全球化影響各國許多面向，它更廣泛的影響各國之政治、經濟、文化，甚至到教育層面。面對快速變遷的時代，國家間的競爭乃是無庸置疑的，21世紀的社會重視人力素質，因人力素質的提升對國家經濟發展有所助益。然而對臺灣高等教育而言，在高教從菁英走向大眾化同時，卻因新自由主義影響下，開始重視其帶來的經濟效益。因此，政府與時俱進的執行諸多卓越性教育政策，引入管理機制至校園，目的是希望透過掌握高教及人才，在國際上能發揮影響力。據此．高教目的轉向以追求市場經營為主，讓我國高教面臨嶄新挑戰。 本研究擬採歷史的研究與理論探究方式，首先探討全球化對高教之衝擊、西方高等教育之精神及論析在新自由主義下高教功能與目的有何轉變。並依序由歷史資料中梳理出2000年後臺灣高教內涵與及其發展脈絡。其次，梳理臺灣為回應全球化有制定哪些相關人才培育政策，最後再藉由西方與臺灣學者，在面對全球化衝擊高教時，有何相關回應，並從中重新審視高教之目的。本研究結果如下所述：（一）全球化使政治、經濟及文化產生結構性的改變；（二）新自由主義思維重視人才的跨域性，並以市場導向及就業力為目的；（三）在全球化衝擊下，高教理念之目的的轉變及其新形貌；（四）競爭型經費易使高教乖違傳統學術自由精神；（五）以績效指標做為我國高教機構分類與定位，會加劇人文與理工間資源分配之落差。Globalization affects many countries’ different aspects. It affects political, economic, social aspects, and even education. In the face of rapid change, competition among countries is unquestionable. In the 21st century, modern society attaches importance to human quality, and the improvement of human quality will help the country's economic development. However, for Taiwan's higher education, while higher education has gone from elite to popular, it has begun to pay attention to the economic benefits brought about by the influence of Neoliberalism. Thus, the government has begun to implement a number of outstanding education policies and market management mechanism has also been introduced to the campus. In this regard, the purpose of education has shifted to the pursuit of market management, so Taiwan's higher education is facing new challenges. In view of this, this study intends to adopt historical research and theoretical inquiry methods to explore the impact of globalization on higher education, the spirit of Western higher education, and the transformation of higher education functions and purposes under neoliberalism. According to the historical data, in the late 2000, Taiwan responded to globalization, and what relevant talent cultivation policies were formulated? Finally, from the Western and Taiwan scholars to re-examine the purpose of education in response to the impact of globalization on higher education. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Globalization leads to structural changes in politics, economy and culture; (2) Neoliberalism values the cross-domain of talents and it aims at market orientation and employment; (3) Under the impact of globalization, the transformation of the purpose of higher education philosophy and its new form; (4) Competitive funds are easy to make high education violate the spirit of traditional academic freedom; (5) Using performance indicators as the classification and positioning of higher education institutions will aggravate the gap between humanities and science and technology.