高雄台語語音的調查佮演變分析

Abstract

本文選擇高雄地區的中、青、少年層來進行田野調查，記錄現代高雄的台語發音，閣佮較早文獻內底的老年層發音做比較，依照聲母、韻母、聲調整理了後，分析出三个音變方向(1)<入>字頭入柳合流，(2)陽入調聲調簡化，(3)韻母非系統性的變異。 結果發現，雖然高雄是方言差較小的所在，毋過有真濟音變是受著外部社會因素的影響，親像「受華語影響」，比論講台羅標做「o」華語讀「ㄛ」的詞，讀台語的時，愈少年讀做[]的比例愈懸；「檳榔」對「pun」變做「pin」；<毛扛>類的「毛」讀做「moo」比例愈來愈懸，遮的音變攏佮華語有關；猶閣有字、詞的「頻率」嘛會影響音變，高雄人<恩巾>類讀「in」，毋過「怨恨」煞大部份的人攏讀「uàn-hūn」；<科稽>類讀「e」，毋過「寫批」煞讀「siá-phue」，另外本文嘛發現有真濟兩種讀音的詞，詞頻愈懸、使用率愈懸，而且愈少年，受頻率的影響愈明顯。遮的結果顯示這馬有真濟音變攏有可能是受「頻率」影響，所以「頻率」是影響現代台語真重要的因素。I choose the middle-aged, the young and teenagers from Kaohsiung to record Taiwanese, then comparing with the records of old people from the past studies. After understanding the phonetic developments, I analyze three directions of phonetic variations in Kaohsiung further: (1) consonant of “ji̍p” combine with “liú”, (2)the entering tones simplized, (3)the sound changes of vowels.Finally, I find although there are less dialect difference in Kaohsiung, Taiwanese in this region has still been affected by various social factors, like influence of “Chinese”, the vowel “o” in Taiwanese Minnan Romanization, but “ㄛ” in Chinese, more teenagers use []; “pun-nn̂g” changed into“pin-nn̂g”; “mn̂g” changed into “moo”. Furthermore the “frequency” of words or vocabulary also affected sounds, for example, “in” turned into “un” of “un/kin” vowel , “e” turned into “ue” of “pue/khé” vowel, I also found that those vocabulary which have two pronunciation, higher “frequency” of words or vocabulary, more young and teengers choosed it. So “frequency” in an important factor that affects contempory Taiwanese.