中國大陸雙減政策對學校體育發展之個案研究

Abstract

2021 年 7 月，中國大陸中共中央辦公廳、國務院辦公廳印發《關於進一步減輕義務教育階段學生作業負擔和校外培訓負擔的意見》（簡稱雙減政策），旨在促進學生全面發展與健康成長。本研究通過文獻分析法瞭解中國大陸學校體育發展、雙減政策與學校體育的關係及大陸學校體育在雙減下的因應，透過訪談法探討政策下福建省厦门市個案初中學校體育的推展情形。研究發現，雙減下學校體育重視程度提高，個案學校從課內教學、課後體育、組織實施層面推展，課內層面增設體育課、豐富校本課程、引入科技手段輔助教學；課後層面開設服務社團、推動運動競賽「常賽制」；組織改善學校場地設施設備、實施定期督導。研究發現，個案學校體育推展中，教師能力成長與發展有待規劃；體育教師教學任務增加，補貼和獎勵制度有完善空間；學校學生參與學校體育的完整評價機制有待完善；學生體質健康狀況有待提升；「家、校、社」連結有待進一步加強。研究者建議，未來有關部門應持續引進體育人才並開展在職體育教師進修，健全體育教師績效獎勵制度，持續加大經費投入保障學校體育推展；學校應確立和把握學校體育育人理念，提升學生體質健康，協調家庭、校園與社會聯動，健全學校體育評價體系；體育教師要創新體育教學方法，豐富體育活動內容形式，提高自我認識與職業素養，因材施教並建立科學評價。通過各方努力，推進學校體育在雙減政策下提質增效。In July 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Reducing the Academic Workload of Students in Compulsory Education and the Burden of Off-campus Training, also known as the Double Reduction Policy. This policy aims to promote the holistic development and well-being of students. This study employs the literature analysis to understand the development of school sports in mainland China, the relationship between Double Reduction Policy and physical education, and the adaptation of physical education in mainland China under the Double Reduction Policy. Additionally, through interviews, the study explores the implementation of physical education in middle schools in Xiamen, Fujian Province, within the policy framework. The research findings reveal that the significance of physical education has increased under the double reduction policy. The case study school has implemented various measures. Within the curriculum, physical education classes have been added, local curriculum has been enriched, and the use of technology to support teaching has been adopted. Extracurricular activities include the establishment of sports clubs and the promotion of a regular competition system. Efforts have been made to improve school facilities and equipment, along with regular supervision. However, the study highlights areas that require further attention and development in the promotion of physical education in the case study school. These include the planning and development of teacher capabilities and growth, Challenges identified involve increased teaching responsibilities for physical education teachers, opportunities for refining subsidy and reward systems, the necessity for a comprehensive evaluation mechanism for student participation in physical education, the improvement of student physical fitness, and the need for strengthened connections between"home, school, and society." To address these challenges, the researchers propose several recommendations. The researcher suggests that relevant departments continue to recruit sports talents and provide professional development opportunities for physical education teachers, emphasize the importance of establishing performance-based incentive systems and increasing financial investment to support the advancement of school sports. Schools are encouraged to establish and adhere to a philosophy that guides school sports, prioritize students' physical fitness, foster collaboration between "home, school, and society," and enhance the evaluation system for school sports. Finally, physical education teachers should explore innovative teaching methods, diversify physical activities, enhance self-awareness and professional ethics, implement differentiated instruction, and establish scientific evaluation practices. Through collaborative efforts, the quality and effectiveness of physical education can be enhanced within the framework of the Double Reduction Policy.