以主成份分析探討優秀標槍選手標槍投擲技術

Abstract

近年來我國標槍選手在國際比賽中屢屢創下佳績，其投擲技術的優劣取決於投擲瞬間全身肢段間協調能力，將標槍以最有效的方式投擲出手。目的：藉由統計分析探討影響標槍投擲技術的關鍵因素，提供教練與選手往後在技術上的調整與提昇表現。方法：9位國內甲組優秀標槍選手在田徑場上實際進行投擲，收取成功的六次投擲動作並紀錄成績，分析投擲成績最佳與最差的運動學參數並進行成對樣本t檢定與主成份分析，顯著水準為α = .05。結果：投擲成績最佳與最差的運動學參數在配對t檢定中並無達到顯著差異。透過主成份分析將可將運動學12維的資料縮減至4個主成份，並可解釋 80% 以上的動作差異，投擲成績較佳與較差的第一主成份內容皆包含肩關節角度與投擲步步距。結論：在投擲成績最佳與最差的運動學上並無差異，肩關節角度與投擲步步距確實對標槍投擲技術有相當重要的影響，或許未來研究可以朝這兩個部分多加探討。Taiwan’s javelin players have repeatedly achieved great success in international competitions in recent years. The technique of the javelin throwing depends on the ability to coordinate between the limbs during the throwing moment, and throws the javelin in the most effective way. The purpose of this study was to explore the main factors of javelin throwing technique through statistical analysis. Provide coaches and players to technically adjust and improve performance in the future. Method: 9 elite javelin players was recruited and asked for javelin throwing and record six times successful throwing in the track and field. Throwing movement kinematic parameters were collected with 3D motion analysis system. The paired sample t-test and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to compare the best and worst kinematic parameters of throwing performance. The statistical significance was set at α = .05. Results: There was no significance difference between the best and worst kinematic parameters of throwing performance. The PCA result showed that the 4 principal components were sufficient to explain over 80% of variance for both throwing performance. The 1st component include the angle of shoulder joint and the last stride in both throwing performance. Conclusion: There was no significance difference between the best and worst kinematic parameters of throwing performance. The angle of the shoulder joint and the last stride are playing an important roles in javelin throwing. There can be discussed in these two parts in the future study.